swift 之视频的剪辑

参考：http://blog.csdn.net/u012297622/article/details/51784939

        AVComposition

       一个工程文件有很多轨道，如音频轨道1、音频轨道2、视频轨道1视频轨道2等，每个轨道里有许多素材，它可以进行压缩、旋转等操作，素材库中的视频拖到轨道中会分为视频轨和音频轨两个轨道。

        AVFoundation framework提供了丰富的功能类以便于编辑资源的音视频。

        AVAsset:素材库里的素材;

        AVAssetTrack:素材的轨道;

        AVFoundation编辑API的核心就是compositions(合成);

        composition就是从一个或多个不同的资源中获取到的简单的track(轨道)的集合;

        AVMutableComposition:一个用来合成视频的工程文件;

        AVMutableCompositionTrack:工程文件中的轨道，有有音频轨、视频轨等，里面可以插入各种对应的素材;

        AVMutableVideoCompositionLayerInstruction:视频轨道中的一个视频，可以缩放、旋转等;

        AVMutableVideoCompositionInstruction:一个视频轨道，包含了这个轨道上的所有视频素材;

        AVMutableVideoCompositionInstruction和AVMutableVideoCompositionLayerInstruction一般是配合使用，用来给视频添加水印或者旋转方向的;

        AVMutableVideoComposition:管理所有视频轨道，可以决定最终视频的尺寸，裁剪需要在这里进行;

        AVMutableAudioMix是给视频添加音频的;

        AVAssetExportSession:配置渲染参数并渲染。

        你可以使用AVMutableAudioMix类编辑你的音频track。比如你可以设置最大音量以及音轨坡度。

        你可以使用AVMutableVideoComposition类直接编辑视频轨道。

创建Composition

你可以使用AVMutableComposition类创建composition。你必须添加一个或多个composition track到你的composition里，相当于使用AVMutableCompositionTrack类。最简单的composition就是一个视频一个音频track。

let mutableComposition = AVMutableComposition()
    let mutableCompositionVideoTrack = mutableComposition.addMutableTrackWithMediaType(AVMediaTypeVideo, preferredTrackID: kCMPersistentTrackID_Invalid) //视频轨道
    let mutableCompositionAudioTrack = mutableComposition.addMutableTrackWithMediaType(AVMediaTypeAudio, preferredTrackID: kCMPersistentTrackID_Invalid) //音频轨道 

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多种方式初始化Composition Track

当添加新的track到composition，你必须提供媒体类型和Track ID。尽管音视频是我们常用额媒体的类型，但是同样，我们可以使用其他类型，比如AVMediaTypeSubtitle或AVMediaTypeText.

添加试听数据到Composition

一旦你的composition有一个或者多个tracks，你可以添加新的数据到合适的tracks上。你可以使用可变的composition接口放置多个曲目相同的底层媒体类型在同一轨道上。

let videoAsset = AVAsset(URL:NSURL(string:"http://140.207.205.6/sohu/v1/TmwmTmxATmXG9vhNXRDFk9CBJpakEWJmopXAOCkytHrChWoIymcAr.mp4?k=mlU3Gr&p=j9lvzSwUopPGqmwCoSwGqSoCqpXWsUwIWFo7oB2svm12ZDeS0tvGRD6sWYNsfY1svmfCZMbVwmfVZD6HfYXswmNCNF2OWYdXfGN4wm6AZDNXfY1swm1BqVPcgYeSoMAARDx&r=TmI20LscWOoUgt8IS3HTaI2yT8XPLNGWVEt88eILOfkHkg9kjdxLYf9SlZEmrW49JLzSxm0KOyOHXIY&q=OpC7hW7IWJodRDbOwmfCyY2sWF1HfJ1tlG6t5G64WYo2ZDv4fFesWGNOwm4cWhbOvmscWY&cip=140.207.16.150")!)  //视频资源1

    let anotherAsset = AVAsset(URL: NSURL(string: "http://data.vod.itc.cn/?new=/218/117/QH0duE89EFks1QWyHBshuL.mp4&vid=3088596&plat=17&mkey=CLfbS51YewD-mLXpGv4ZyKSwDrzD1heG&ch=tv&uid=1602171411153447&SOHUSVP=EtzMYkA639BAKmIufcqZ2lpZcDeNMTd-V15MB1rYf9k&pt=5&prod=h5&pg=1&eye=0&cv=1.0.0&qd=68000&src=11060001&ca=4&cateCode=115&_c=1&appid=tv&oth=&cd=")!) //视频资源2
    let videoAssetTrack = videoAsset.tracksWithMediaType(AVMediaTypeVideo)[0] as AVAssetTrack //视频资源1的视频轨
    let anotherVideoAssetTrack = anotherAsset.tracksWithMediaType(AVMediaTypeVideo)[0] as AVAssetTrack //视频资源2的视频轨
    //
    try! mutableCompositionVideoTrack.insertTimeRange(CMTimeRangeMake(kCMTimeZero, videoAssetTrack.timeRange.duration), ofTrack: videoAssetTrack, atTime: kCMTimeZero) //在视频轨道里插入视频资源1的视频轨
    try! mutableCompositionVideoTrack.insertTimeRange(CMTimeRangeMake(kCMTimeZero, anotherVideoAssetTrack.timeRange.duration), ofTrack: anotherVideoAssetTrack, atTime: videoAssetTrack.timeRange.duration) 在视频轨道里插入视频资源2的视频轨。
    //这样两个视频轨道就合成到一个视频轨道里了！！

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检索兼容的composition tracks

可能的话，你应该只有唯一的composition track 对应每个媒体类型。统一资源的兼容能使资源使用最小化。当连续地呈现媒体数据的时候，你应该将相同媒体类型的数据放到相同的composition track(组合曲目)里。你可以对可变的composition里查找你的composition tracks是否兼容你想要的那个资源曲目：

let compatibleCompositiontrack = mutableComposition.mutableTrackCompatibleWithTrack(videoAssetTrack)

    if (compatibleCompositiontrack != nil) {
        //
    }

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生成音量坡度

一个AVMutableAudioMix对象可以在你的composition所有音频track里单独执行自定义音频处理。你通过audioMix类方法创建一个audio mix(音频混合)，然后使用AVMutableAudioMixInputParameters的实例将audio mix与你composition里的指定track进行关联。audio mix可以被用于改变audio track的音量:

let mutableAudioMix = AVMutableAudioMix()
    let mixParamters = AVMutableAudioMixInputParameters(track: mutableCompositionAudioTrack)
    mixParamters.setVolumeRampFromStartVolume(1.0, toEndVolume: 0.0, timeRange:CMTimeRangeMake(kCMTimeZero, mutableComposition.duration))
    mutableAudioMix.inputParameters = [mixParamters]

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自定义视频处理

对应audio mix，你也只需要一个AVMutableVideoComposition对象在你的composition里所有视频track里单独执行自定义视频处理。你可以使用视频composition直接为你的视频track设置size、scale、frame rate。

改变composition的背景色

所有的视频composition必须有包含至少一组视频合成指令的AVVideoCompositionInstruction数组，你可以使用AVMutableVideoCompositionInstruction创建自己的视频合成指令。利用视频合成指令，你可以修改构图的背景颜色，指定是否需要处理或者应用层指令。

//改变背景色
    let mutableVideoCompositionInstuction = AVMutableVideoCompositionInstruction()
    mutableVideoCompositionInstuction.timeRange = CMTimeRangeMake(kCMTimeZero, mutableComposition.duration)
    mutableVideoCompositionInstuction.backgroundColor = UIColor.redColor().CGColor

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应用不透明坡道

视频组合指令也可以被用于视频组合层指令。一个AVMutableVideoCompositionLayerInstruction可以进行转换,转换坡度，不透明和透明度坡度

let mutableComposition = AVMutableComposition()
    let mutableCompositionVideoTrack = mutableComposition.addMutableTrackWithMediaType(AVMediaTypeVideo, preferredTrackID: kCMPersistentTrackID_Invalid)
    let firstVideoAssetk = AVAsset(URL:NSURL(string:"http://data.vod.itc.cn/?new=/218/117/QH0duE89EFks1QWyHBshuL.mp4&vid=3088596&plat=17&mkey=CLfbS51YewD-mLXpGv4ZyKSwDrzD1heG&ch=tv&uid=1602171411153447&SOHUSVP=EtzMYkA639BAKmIufcqZ2lpZcDeNMTd-V15MB1rYf9k&pt=5&prod=h5&pg=1&eye=0&cv=1.0.0&qd=68000&src=11060001&ca=4&cateCode=115&_c=1&appid=tv&oth=&cd=")!)
    let firstVideoAssetTrack = firstVideoAssetk.tracksWithMediaType(AVMediaTypeVideo)[0] as AVAssetTrack
    let firstVideoCompositionInstruction = AVMutableVideoCompositionInstruction()
    firstVideoCompositionInstruction.timeRange = CMTimeRangeMake(kCMTimeZero, firstVideoAssetTrack.timeRange.duration)
    let firstVideoLayerInstruction = AVMutableVideoCompositionLayerInstruction(assetTrack:mutableCompositionVideoTrack)
    firstVideoLayerInstruction.setOpacityRampFromStartOpacity(1, toEndOpacity: 0, timeRange: CMTimeRangeMake(kCMTimeZero, firstVideoAssetTrack.timeRange.duration))

    let secondVideoAssetk = AVAsset(URL:NSURL(string:"http://data.vod.itc.cn/?new=/13/41/ISfD3DLpScKctFu1HKheqB.mp4&vid=3088680&plat=17&mkey=F6E2ruSK6YflEML59DnzvUYrCDunhuIQ&ch=tv&uid=1602171411153447&SOHUSVP=EtzMYkA639AXH-8Jc72Vn_bYjYnF97iVz4-oU02a_pE&pt=5&prod=h5&pg=1&eye=0&cv=1.0.0&qd=68000&src=11060001&ca=4&cateCode=115&_c=1&appid=tv&oth=&cd=")!)
    let secondVideoAssetTrack = secondVideoAssetk.tracksWithMediaType(AVMediaTypeVideo)[0] as AVAssetTrack
    let secondVideoCompositionInstruction = AVMutableVideoCompositionInstruction()
    secondVideoCompositionInstruction.timeRange = CMTimeRangeMake(firstVideoAssetTrack.timeRange.duration,CMTimeAdd(firstVideoAssetTrack.timeRange.duration, secondVideoAssetTrack.timeRange.duration))

    let secondVideoLayerInstruction = AVMutableVideoCompositionLayerInstruction(assetTrack:mutableCompositionVideoTrack)
    secondVideoLayerInstruction.setOpacityRampFromStartOpacity(1, toEndOpacity: 0, timeRange: CMTimeRangeMake(kCMTimeZero, firstVideoAssetTrack.timeRange.duration))

    firstVideoCompositionInstruction.layerInstructions = [firstVideoLayerInstruction]
    secondVideoCompositionInstruction.layerInstructions = [secondVideoLayerInstruction]

    let mutableVideoComposition = AVMutableVideoComposition()
    mutableVideoComposition.instructions = [firstVideoCompositionInstruction,secondVideoCompositionInstruction]
    videoComposition.renderSize = CGSizeMake(300, 200) //裁剪出对应大小
    videoComposition.frameDuration = CMTimeMake(1, 30)

导出视频：

var kDateFormatter:DateFormatter?

    func videoCut(){

        //工程文件

        let mutableComposition = AVMutableComposition()

        //视频轨道

        let videoCompositionTrack = mutableComposition.addMutableTrack(withMediaType: AVMediaType.video, preferredTrackID: kCMPersistentTrackID_Invalid)

        //音频轨道

        let audioCompositionTrack = mutableComposition.addMutableTrack(withMediaType: AVMediaType.audio, preferredTrackID: kCMPersistentTrackID_Invalid)

        //添加资源

        

        let videoAsset = AVAsset.init(url:URL(string:"http://ds.com/mov/test.mp4")!)

        //视频素材1的视频轨

        let firstVideoAssetTrack = videoAsset.tracks(withMediaType: AVMediaType.video)[0] as AVAssetTrack

        //在视频轨道里插入视频素材1的视频轨

        try! videoCompositionTrack?.insertTimeRange(CMTimeRangeMake(kCMTimeZero, firstVideoAssetTrack.timeRange.duration), of: firstVideoAssetTrack, at: kCMTimeZero)

        

       

        let anotherAsset = AVAsset.init(url:URL(string: "http://")!)

        //视频素材2的视频轨

        let secondVideoAssetTrack = anotherAsset.tracks(withMediaType: AVMediaType.video)[0] as AVAssetTrack

        //在视频轨道里插入视频素材2的视频轨

        try! videoCompositionTrack?.insertTimeRange(CMTimeRangeMake(kCMTimeZero, secondVideoAssetTrack.timeRange.duration), of: secondVideoAssetTrack, at: firstVideoAssetTrack.timeRange.duration)

        

        

        

        try! audioCompositionTrack?.insertTimeRange(CMTimeRangeMake(kCMTimeZero, CMTimeAdd(firstVideoAssetTrack.timeRange.duration, secondVideoAssetTrack.timeRange.duration)), of: AVAsset.init(url:URL(string: "http://a.mp3")! as URL).tracks(withMediaType: AVMediaType.audio)[0] as AVAssetTrack, at: kCMTimeZero)

        

        //

        var isFirstVideoPortrait = false

        let firstTransform = firstVideoAssetTrack.preferredTransform

        if firstTransform.a == 0 && firstTransform.d == 0 && (firstTransform.b == 1.0 || firstTransform.b == -1.0) && (firstTransform.c == 1.0 || firstTransform.c == -1.0) {

            isFirstVideoPortrait = true

        }

        var isSecondVideoPortrait = false

        let secondTransform = secondVideoAssetTrack.preferredTransform

        if secondTransform.a == 0 && secondTransform.d == 0 && (secondTransform.b == 1.0 || secondTransform.b == -1.0) && (secondTransform.c == 1.0 || secondTransform.c == -1.0) {

            isSecondVideoPortrait = true

        }

        if (isFirstVideoPortrait && !isSecondVideoPortrait) || (!isFirstVideoPortrait && isSecondVideoPortrait) {

            let alertController = UIAlertController.init(title: "Error!", message: "cvkhv", preferredStyle: UIAlertControllerStyle.alert)

            alertController.addAction(UIAlertAction.init(title: "dismiss", style: UIAlertActionStyle.cancel, handler: { (action) in

                

            }))

           self.present(alertController, animated: true, completion: nil)

        }

        

        //应用指令

        let firstVideoCompositionInstruction = AVMutableVideoCompositionInstruction()

        firstVideoCompositionInstruction.timeRange = CMTimeRangeMake(kCMTimeZero, firstVideoAssetTrack.timeRange.duration)

        let secondVideoCompositionInstruction = AVMutableVideoCompositionInstruction()

        secondVideoCompositionInstruction.timeRange = CMTimeRangeMake(firstVideoAssetTrack.timeRange.duration, CMTimeAdd(firstVideoAssetTrack.timeRange.duration, secondVideoAssetTrack.timeRange.duration))

        

        let firstVideoCompositionLayerInstruction = AVMutableVideoCompositionLayerInstruction(assetTrack:videoCompositionTrack!)

        firstVideoCompositionLayerInstruction.setTransform(firstTransform, at: kCMTimeZero)

        

        let secondVideoCompositionLayerInstruction = AVMutableVideoCompositionLayerInstruction(assetTrack: videoCompositionTrack!)

    secondVideoCompositionLayerInstruction.setTransform(secondTransform, at: firstVideoAssetTrack.timeRange.duration)

        

        firstVideoCompositionInstruction.layerInstructions = [firstVideoCompositionLayerInstruction]

        secondVideoCompositionInstruction.layerInstructions = [secondVideoCompositionLayerInstruction]

        

        let mutableVideoComposition = AVMutableVideoComposition()

        mutableVideoComposition.instructions = [firstVideoCompositionInstruction,secondVideoCompositionInstruction]

        

        //

        var naturalSizeFirst:CGSize!

        var naturalSizeSecond:CGSize!

        if isFirstVideoPortrait {

naturalSizeFirst = CGSize.init(width: firstVideoAssetTrack.naturalSize.height, height: firstVideoAssetTrack.naturalSize.width)

naturalSizeSecond = CGSize.init(width:secondVideoAssetTrack.naturalSize.height, height:secondVideoAssetTrack.naturalSize.width)

        }else{

            naturalSizeFirst = firstVideoAssetTrack.naturalSize

            naturalSizeSecond = secondVideoAssetTrack.naturalSize

        }

        var renderWidth:CGFloat!

        var renderHeight:CGFloat!

        if naturalSizeFirst.width > naturalSizeSecond.width {

            renderWidth = naturalSizeFirst.width

        }else{

            renderWidth = naturalSizeSecond.width

        }

        if naturalSizeFirst.height > naturalSizeSecond.height {

            renderHeight = naturalSizeFirst.height

        }else{

            renderHeight = naturalSizeSecond.height

        }

        mutableVideoComposition.renderSize = CGSize.init(width: renderWidth, height: renderHeight)

        mutableVideoComposition.frameDuration = CMTimeMake(1,30)

        

        if kDateFormatter==nil {

            kDateFormatter = DateFormatter()

            kDateFormatter?.dateStyle = DateFormatter.Style.medium

            kDateFormatter?.timeStyle = DateFormatter.Style.short

        }

    let exporter = AVAssetExportSession.init(asset: mutableComposition, presetName: AVAssetExportPresetHighestQuality)

        var outputURL:NSURL?

        let fileManager = FileManager.default

        do{

            try outputURL = fileManager.url(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask, appropriateFor: nil, create: true) as NSURL

           

        }catch{

            

        }

        exporter?.outputURL = outputURL as URL?

        exporter?.outputFileType = AVFileType.mov;    exporter?.shouldOptimizeForNetworkUse = true;    exporter?.videoComposition = mutableVideoComposition;    exporter?.exportAsynchronously(completionHandler: {

            DispatchQueue.main.async(execute: {

                if exporter?.status == AVAssetExportSessionStatus.completed {

                    let library = ALAssetsLibrary()

                    if library.videoAtPathIs(compatibleWithSavedPhotosAlbum: outputURL! as URL) {

                        library.writeVideoAtPath(toSavedPhotosAlbum: outputURL! as URL,                        completionBlock:nil)

                        

                    }

                    

                }

            })

           

        

        })

        

    }