hibernate基于外键的一对一映射和单向的多对一映射,很相似,不同的地方就是,在单向多对一映射中的实体类多的一端配置unique=“true”,就变为了外键的一对一映射。
基于外键的一对一映射可以分为两种情况:
一种是:单向;
一种是:双向;
下面先说单向
具体如下:
新建一个java项目,名称为:13hibernate_single_one_to_one_foreign
项目结构如图:
需要的jar包以及如何从hibernate官网获得,可以参见《Hibernate环境搭建和配置》
实体类IdCard代码:
package com.robert.pojo;
public class IdCard {
private int id ;
private String code ;//身份证号
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getCode() {
return code;
}
public void setCode(String code) {
this.code = code;
}
}
IdCard.hbm.xml配置文件代码:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.robert.pojo">
<class name="IdCard">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"></generator>
</id>
<property name="code"></property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
实体类Person代码:
package com.robert.pojo;
public class Person {
private int id ;
private String name ;//姓名
private int age ;//年龄
private IdCard idCard ;//身份证实体类
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public IdCard getIdCard() {
return idCard;
}
public void setIdCard(IdCard idCard) {
this.idCard = idCard;
}
}
Person.hbm.xml配置文件代码:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.robert.pojo">
<class name="Person">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"></generator>
</id>
<property name="name"></property>
<property name="age"></property>
<!-- 当unique="true",可以设置一对一的关系 -->
<many-to-one name="idCard" class="IdCard" column="idcard_id"
foreign-key="fk_idcard" not-null="true" unique="true" cascade="save-update" />
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
HibernateUtil封装的操作session的代码,请参见《 Hibernate联合主键》中的HibernateUtil类代码
hibernate.cfg.xml代码:
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!-- 配置数据库连接信息 -->
<property name="connection.driver_class">
com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql:///hibernate4</property>
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<property name="connection.password">root</property>
<!-- 数据库方言 -->
<property name="hibernate.dialect">
org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect
</property>
<!-- 是否打印sql语句 -->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<!-- 格式化sql语句 -->
<property name="format_sql">true</property>
<!-- 数据库更新方式:
1、create:每次更新都先把原有数据库表删除,然后创建该表;
2、create-drop:使用create-drop时,在显示关闭SessionFacroty时(sessionFactory.close()),将drop掉数据库Schema(表)
3、validate:检测;
4、update(常用):如果表不存在则创建,如果存在就不创建
-->
<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
<!-- 加载Score实体类对应的配置文件 -->
<mapping resource="com/robert/pojo/IdCard.hbm.xml" />
<mapping resource="com/robert/pojo/Person.hbm.xml" />
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
测试类HibernateTest代码:
package com.robert.test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import javax.sql.rowset.serial.SerialException;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.robert.pojo.IdCard;
import com.robert.pojo.Person;
import com.robert.util.HibernateUtil;
public class HibernateTest {
/**
* 根据*.hbm.xml文件对应的生成数据库表
*/
@Test
public void testCreateDB() {
Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure();
SchemaExport se = new SchemaExport(cfg);
// 第一个参数:是否生成ddl脚本
// 第二个参数:是否执行到数据库中
se.create(true, true);
}
/**
* 保存数据
*
* @throws HibernateException
* @throws SerialException
* @throws SQLException
* @throws IOException
*/
@Test
public void testSave() throws HibernateException, SerialException,
SQLException, IOException {
Session session = null;
Transaction tx = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
tx = session.beginTransaction();
IdCard idCard = new IdCard() ;
idCard.setCode("1525271000000000000") ;
Person person = new Person() ;
person.setAge(23) ;
person.setName("张三") ;
person.setIdCard(idCard) ;
session.save(person) ;
IdCard idCard2 = new IdCard() ;
idCard2.setCode("11011010000000000") ;
Person person2 = new Person() ;
person2.setAge(24) ;
person2.setName("李四") ;
person2.setIdCard(idCard2) ;
session.save(person2);
tx.commit();
} catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx != null) {
tx.rollback();
}
e.printStackTrace();
throw e;
} finally {
HibernateUtil.closeSession();
}
}
}
首先使用Junit4执行testCreateDB类,根据实体类重新生成数据库表
sql语句如下:
alter table Person
drop
foreign key fk_idcard
drop table if exists IdCard
drop table if exists Person
create table IdCard (
id integer not null auto_increment,
code varchar(255),
primary key (id)
)
create table Person (
id integer not null auto_increment,
name varchar(255),
age integer,
idcard_id integer not null,
primary key (id)
)
alter table Person
add constraint UK_cbcosmln3841mbhco46ibil26 unique (idcard_id)
alter table Person
add constraint fk_idcard
foreign key (idcard_id)
references IdCard (id)
执行testSave()方法,控制台console打印的sql语句如下:
Hibernate:
insert
into
IdCard
(code)
values
(?)
Hibernate:
insert
into
Person
(name, age, idcard_id)
values
(?, ?, ?)
Hibernate:
insert
into
IdCard
(code)
values
(?)
Hibernate:
insert
into
Person
(name, age, idcard_id)
values
(?, ?, ?)
由打印的sql语句,可见保存数据时,当往person表中添加person的数据时,发现有关联的IdCard外键,所以要先添加它关联的IdCard数据,然后在添加person数据,然后添加person2时,同理。
数据库表数据如图:
下面测试一下unique是否起作用,
修改testSave()方法代码:
/**
* 保存数据
*
* @throws HibernateException
* @throws SerialException
* @throws SQLException
* @throws IOException
*/
@Test
public void testSave() throws HibernateException, SerialException,
SQLException, IOException {
Session session = null;
Transaction tx = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
tx = session.beginTransaction();
IdCard idCard = new IdCard() ;
idCard.setCode("1525271000000000000") ;
Person person = new Person() ;
person.setAge(23) ;
person.setName("张三") ;
person.setIdCard(idCard) ;
session.save(person) ;
IdCard idCard2 = new IdCard() ;
idCard2.setCode("11011010000000000") ;
Person person2 = new Person() ;
person2.setAge(24) ;
person2.setName("李四") ;
person2.setIdCard(idCard2) ;
session.save(person2);
Person person3 = new Person() ;
person3.setAge(25) ;
person3.setName("王五") ;
person3.setIdCard(idCard2) ;//依然使用idCard2身份信息
session.save(person3) ;
tx.commit();
} catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx != null) {
tx.rollback();
}
e.printStackTrace();
throw e;
} finally {
HibernateUtil.closeSession();
}
}
运行testCreateDB,重新生成数据库表
运行testSave()方法
报错了,说明unique起作用了
========================================================================
再说说双向的
新建一个java项目,名为:14hibernate_double_one_to_one_foreign
项目结构如下:
其他的大部分和上面单向的是一样的,我只把不一样的列出来
IdCard实体类代码:
package com.robert.pojo;
public class IdCard {
private int id ;
private String code ;//身份证号
private Person person ;//公民
public Person getPerson() {
return person;
}
public void setPerson(Person person) {
this.person = person;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getCode() {
return code;
}
public void setCode(String code) {
this.code = code;
}
}
IdCard.hbm.xml配置文件代码:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.robert.pojo">
<class name="IdCard">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"></generator>
</id>
<property name="code"></property>
<one-to-one name="person" property-ref="idCard"></one-to-one>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
其中property-ref对应关系如图:
使用Junit4执行testCreateDB,重新生成数据库表
执行testSave()执行保存方法,验证已成功,
下面说说获取方法
testGet()代码:
/**
* 获取数据
* @throws HibernateException
* @throws SerialException
* @throws SQLException
* @throws IOException
*/
@Test
public void testGet() throws HibernateException, SerialException,
SQLException, IOException {
Session session = null;
Transaction tx = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Person person = (Person)session.get(Person.class, 1) ;
System.out.println("pseron_name="+person.getName()+"----Idcard="+person.getIdCard().getCode());
System.out.println("==================================");
IdCard idCard = (IdCard)session.get(IdCard.class, 2) ;
System.out.println("idcard="+idCard.getCode()+"----person_name="+idCard.getPerson().getName());
tx.commit();
} catch (HibernateException e) {
if (tx != null) {
tx.rollback();
}
e.printStackTrace();
throw e;
} finally {
HibernateUtil.closeSession();
}
}
执行以后,控制台打印数据如下:
Hibernate:
select
person0_.id as id1_1_0_,
person0_.name as name2_1_0_,
person0_.age as age3_1_0_,
person0_.idcard_id as idcard_i4_1_0_
from
Person person0_
where
person0_.id=?
Hibernate:
select
idcard0_.id as id1_0_0_,
idcard0_.code as code2_0_0_,
person1_.id as id1_1_1_,
person1_.name as name2_1_1_,
person1_.age as age3_1_1_,
person1_.idcard_id as idcard_i4_1_1_
from
IdCard idcard0_
left outer join
Person person1_
on idcard0_.id=person1_.idcard_id
where
idcard0_.id=?
Hibernate:
select
person0_.id as id1_1_0_,
person0_.name as name2_1_0_,
person0_.age as age3_1_0_,
person0_.idcard_id as idcard_i4_1_0_
from
Person person0_
where
person0_.idcard_id=?
pseron_name=张三----Idcard=1525271000000000000
==================================
Hibernate:
select
idcard0_.id as id1_0_0_,
idcard0_.code as code2_0_0_,
person1_.id as id1_1_1_,
person1_.name as name2_1_1_,
person1_.age as age3_1_1_,
person1_.idcard_id as idcard_i4_1_1_
from
IdCard idcard0_
left outer join
Person person1_
on idcard0_.id=person1_.idcard_id
where
idcard0_.id=?
idcard=11011010000000000----person_name=李四
解释:
等于号(=======)上面是从Person端获取person和idcard信息,一共打印了三条sql语句,且有重复;
等于号(=======)下面是从IdCard端获取perosn和idcard信息,只有一个sql语句。
由此可见,从idCard端效率会高一点