一、安装
pip3 install numpy
pip3 install opencv-python
以上在ubunt上安装成功，但是在树莓派安装失败，在树莓派上Python2可以使用apt install python-opencv安装成功，Python3只能自己编译
二、树莓派在python3中安装opencv
参考网页：https://www.cnblogs.com/lynsyklate/p/7719500.html
- 获取源码
git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv.git
git clone https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib.git
这里需要注意，opencv和contrib必须对应否则编译会失败，因此我此处clone了最新的
-
使用CMAKE从源码构建项目
-
创建临时目录用来存储我们编译后的opencv库
cd opencv
mkdir build
cd build -
构建项目
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local
-D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES=…/…/opencv_contrib/modules
PYTHON3_EXECUTABLE = /usr/bin/python3
PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR = /usr/include/python3.5
PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR2 = /usr/include/arm-linux-gnueabihf/python3.5m
PYTHON_LIBRARY = /usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpython3.5m.so
PYTHON3_NUMPY_INCLUDE_DIRS = /home/pi/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include/
…
Python的libraries，numpy，packages Path都没有，说明Python环境不正常，不会生成Python的opencv库，到时候会报ImportError: No module named cv2的错误。
网上教程害死人，打开opencv的CMAKELists.txt,发现许多变量名是错的，下面是opencv的CMAKELists.txt部分代码。
status(" Python 3:")
status(" Interpreter:" PYTHON3INTERP_FOUND THEN “${PYTHON3_EXECUTABLE} (ver
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{PYTHON3_VERSION_STRING})" ELSE NO) if(BUILD_opencv_python3) if(PYTHON3LIBS_VERSION_STRING) status(" Libraries:" HAVE_opencv_python3 THEN "
PYTHON3VERSIONSTRING)"ELSENO)if(BUILDopencvpython3)if(PYTHON3LIBSVERSIONSTRING)status("Libraries:"HAVEopencvpython3THEN"{PYTHON3_LIBRARIES} (ver
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{PYTHON3LIBS_VERSION_STRING})" ELSE NO) else() status(" Libraries:" HAVE_opencv_python3 THEN "
PYTHON3LIBSVERSIONSTRING)"ELSENO)else()status("Libraries:"HAVEopencvpython3THEN"{PYTHON3_LIBRARIES}” ELSE NO)
endif()
status(" numpy:" PYTHON3_NUMPY_INCLUDE_DIRS THEN “${PYTHON3_NUMPY_INCLUDE_DIRS} (ver
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{PYTHON3_NUMPY_VERSION})" ELSE "NO (Python3 wrappers can not be generated)") status(" packages path:" PYTHON3_EXECUTABLE THEN "
PYTHON3NUMPYVERSION)"ELSE"NO(Python3wrapperscannotbegenerated)")status("packagespath:"PYTHON3EXECUTABLETHEN"{PYTHON3_PACKAGES_PATH}” ELSE “-”)
endif()
按照opencv的CMAKELists.txt修改配置命令：
cmake -D BUILD_opencv_python3=YES -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES=…/…/opencv_contrib/modules -D PYTHON3_LIBRARIES=/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpython3.5m.so -D PYTHON3_NUMPY_INCLUDE_DIRS=/home/pi/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/numpy/core/include/ …
终于配置成功了，犯了以下错误：
- 指定参数的时候有些没加-D。
- 没有启用BUILD_opencv_python3。
- 部分变量名错了
配置成功后应该如下图所示：
- 编译与安装
make -j4
sudo make install
//更新动态库
sudo ldconfig
注：报错ImportError: numpy.core.multiarray failed to import，import numpy也失败报错libblas.so.3: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory。
解决：sudo apt-get install libatlas3-base
最终安装成功
三、在树莓派上安装c语言的opencv
sudo apt-get install libcv-dev
1
写一个小程序查看版本：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <opencv/cv.h>
int main(void){
printf("%s\n", CV_VERSION);
}
遇到一个大坑，opencv3.4.0源码报错。
需要修改代码：
vim opencv-3.4.0/modules/python/src2/cv2.cpp +885
将返回值强行转到char*
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