Room (四) 数据库结构的改变与版本迁移

1. 在 Room (三) 基础上做更改

2. 添加数据库字段

  2.1 Word 类修改,添加字段

@Entity
public class Word {
    @PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true)
    private int id; //主键
    @ColumnInfo(name = "english_word")
    private String word;
    @ColumnInfo(name = "chinese_meaning")
    private String chineseMeaning;
    @ColumnInfo(name = "foo_data")
    private boolean foo;
    @ColumnInfo(name = "bar_data")
    private boolean bar;

    public Word(String word, String chineseMeaning) {
        this.word = word;
        this.chineseMeaning = chineseMeaning;
    }

    public boolean isBar() {
        return bar;
    }

    public void setBar(boolean bar) {
        this.bar = bar;
    }

    public boolean isFoo() {
        return foo;
    }

    public void setFoo(boolean foo) {
        this.foo = foo;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getWord() {
        return word;
    }

    public void setWord(String word) {
        this.word = word;
    }

    public String getChineseMeaning() {
        return chineseMeaning;
    }

    public void setChineseMeaning(String chineseMeaning) {
        this.chineseMeaning = chineseMeaning;
    }
}

  2.2 WordDatabase 管理数据上修改，升级版本

//singleton 只允许生成一个实例
@Database(entities = {Word.class}, version = 3, exportSchema = false)
public abstract class WordDatabase extends RoomDatabase {
    private static WordDatabase INSTANCE;

    //synchronized: 解决多个线程下调用，创建多个实例问题
    static synchronized WordDatabase getDatabase(Context context) {
        if (INSTANCE == null) {
            //fallbackToDestructiveMigration 把当前的数据清空，创建新的库
            //addMigrations 添加迁移的策略
            INSTANCE = Room.databaseBuilder(context.getApplicationContext(), WordDatabase.class, "word_database")
                    .addMigrations(migration_2_3)
                    .build();
        }
        return INSTANCE;
    }

    public abstract WordDao getWordDao();

    //添加字段操作
    static final Migration migration_2_3 = new Migration(2, 3) {
        @Override
        public void migrate(@NonNull SupportSQLiteDatabase database) {
            database.execSQL("ALTER TABLE word ADD COLUMN bar_data INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1");
        }
    };
}

3. 删除数据库字段

  3.1 Word 类，删除字段

@Entity
public class Word {
    @PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true)
    private int id; //主键
    @ColumnInfo(name = "english_word")
    private String word;
    @ColumnInfo(name = "chinese_meaning")
    private String chineseMeaning;
//    @ColumnInfo(name = "foo_data")
//    private boolean foo;
//    @ColumnInfo(name = "bar_data")
//    private boolean bar;

    public Word(String word, String chineseMeaning) {
        this.word = word;
        this.chineseMeaning = chineseMeaning;
    }

//    public boolean isBar() {
//        return bar;
//    }
//
//    public void setBar(boolean bar) {
//        this.bar = bar;
//    }
//
//    public boolean isFoo() {
//        return foo;
//    }
//
//    public void setFoo(boolean foo) {
//        this.foo = foo;
//    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getWord() {
        return word;
    }

    public void setWord(String word) {
        this.word = word;
    }

    public String getChineseMeaning() {
        return chineseMeaning;
    }

    public void setChineseMeaning(String chineseMeaning) {
        this.chineseMeaning = chineseMeaning;
    }
}

  3.2 WordDatabase 类做修改，升级版本

//singleton 只允许生成一个实例
@Database(entities = {Word.class}, version = 4, exportSchema = false)
public abstract class WordDatabase extends RoomDatabase {
    private static WordDatabase INSTANCE;

    //synchronized: 解决多个线程下调用，创建多个实例问题
    static synchronized WordDatabase getDatabase(Context context) {
        if (INSTANCE == null) {
            //fallbackToDestructiveMigration 把当前的数据清空，创建新的库
            //addMigrations 添加迁移的策略
            INSTANCE = Room.databaseBuilder(context.getApplicationContext(), WordDatabase.class, "word_database")
                    .addMigrations(migration_3_4)
                    .build();
        }
        return INSTANCE;
    }

    public abstract WordDao getWordDao();


    //删除字段操作
    static final Migration migration_3_4 = new Migration(3, 4) {
        @Override
        public void migrate(@NonNull SupportSQLiteDatabase database) {
            database.execSQL("CREATE TABLE word_temp (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL , english_word TEXT," +
                    "chinese_meaning TEXT)");
            database.execSQL("INSERT INTO word_temp (id,english_word,chinese_meaning) " +
                    "SELECT id,english_word,chinese_meaning FROM word");
            database.execSQL("DROP TABLE word");
            database.execSQL("ALTER TABLE word_temp RENAME to word");
        }
    };
}

4. 执行效果是否成功

  查看 Device File Explorer -> data -> data ->com.xx.xx(应用包名) -> database -> xx_database(自己定义的数据库名称)，导出以 .db 命名保存，以浏览数据库应用查看表(Navicat Premium)。