Kotlin Demo 简单使用

1. Kotlin 官网地址: 

 JetBrainshttps://www.jetbrains.com/

2. build.gradle 添加扩展库，直接拿到布局文件ID

plugins {
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.android.extensions'
}

3. 布局文件 activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Hello World!"
        android:textSize="60sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.284" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/buttonPlus"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="80dp"
        android:text="+1"
        android:textSize="24sp"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/guideline2"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textView" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/buttonMinus"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="80dp"
        android:text="-1"
        android:textSize="24sp"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/guideline2"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textView" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/guideline2"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.5" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

4. 创建 ViewModel 文件 MyViewModel.kt，保证 App 旋转屏幕，或者退到后台，不清空数据

class MyViewModel : ViewModel() {
    //方式一
    // val number = MutableLiveData(0)
    //方式二
    //    init {
    //        number = MutableLiveData()
    //        number.value = 0;
    //    }
    //方式三
    private val _number: MutableLiveData<Int> by lazy {
        MutableLiveData<Int>().also { it.value = 0 }
    }
    val number: LiveData<Int>
        get() = _number

    fun modifyNumber(aNumber: Int) {
        _number.value = _number.value?.plus(aNumber)
    }
}

5. 调用测试类 MainActivity.kt

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
        
        val viewModel = ViewModelProvider(this)[MyViewModel::class.java];
        viewModel.number.observe(this, Observer {
            textView.text = it.toString()
        })
        
        buttonPlus.setOnClickListener {
            viewModel.modifyNumber(1)
        }
        buttonMinus.setOnClickListener {
            viewModel.modifyNumber(-1)
        }
    }
}

6. 效果图