[暴力搜索]Island of Logic UVA592

Island of Logic

The Island of Logic has three kinds of inhabitants: divine beings that always tell the truth, evil beings that always lie, and human beings that are truthful during the day and lie at night. Every inhabitant recognizes the type of every other inhabitant.

A social scientist wants to visit the island. Because he is not able to distinguish the three kinds of beings only from their looks, he asks you to provide a communication analyzer that deduces facts from conversations among inhabitants. The interesting facts are whether it is day or night and what kind of beings the speakers are.

Input 

The input file contains several descriptions of conversations. Each description starts with an integer  n , the number of statements in the conversation. The following  n  lines each contain one statement by an inhabitant. Every statement line begins with the speaker's name, one of the capital letters  A ,  B ,  C ,  D ,  E , followed by a colon ` : '. Next is one of the following kinds of statements:

• I am [not] ( divine | human | evil | lying ).
• X is [not] ( divine | human | evil | lying ).
• It is ( day | night ).

Square brackets [] mean that the word in the brackets may or may not appear, round brackets () mean that exactly one of the alternatives separated by | must appear. X stands for some name from A, B, C, D, E. There will be no two consecutive spaces in any statement line, and at most 50 statements in a conversation.

The input is terminated by a test case starting with n = 0.

Output 

For each conversation, first output the number of the conversation in the format shown in the sample output. Then print `` This is impossible. '', if the conversation cannot happen according to the rules or `` No facts are deducible. '', if no facts can be deduced. Otherwise print all the facts that can be deduced. Deduced facts should be printed using the following formats:

• X is ( divine | human | evil ).
• It is ( day | night ).

X is to be replaced by a capital letter speaker name. Facts about inhabitants must be given first (in alphabetical order), then it may be stated whether it is day or night.

The output for each conversation must be followed by a single blank line.

Sample Input 

1
A: I am divine.
1
A: I am lying.
1
A: I am evil.
3
A: B is human.
B: A is evil.
A: B is evil.
0

Sample Output 

Conversation #1
No facts are deducible.

Conversation #2
This is impossible.

Conversation #3
A is human.
It is night.

Conversation #4
A is evil.
B is divine.

Reasoning made easy 

To make things clearer, we will show the reasoning behind the third input example, where A says `` I am evil. ''. What can be deduced from this? Obviously A cannot be divine, since she would be lying, similarly A cannot be evil, since she would tell the truth. Therefore, A must be human, moreover, since she is lying, it must be night. So the correct output is as shown.

In the fourth input example, it is obvious that A is lying since her two statements are contradictory. So, B can be neither human nor evil, and consequently must be divine. B always tells the truth, thus A must be evil. Voil‘a!

---

Miguel A. Revilla 
1998-03-10

题目大意：一个逻辑岛上住有人类，恶魔和神，恶魔总是说谎话，人在白天说真话，在晚上说假话，神一直说真话，现在给出一些人说的话，从中判断并且输出可以确定的信息。

解题思路：将所有语句存成结构体的形式，只需要记录说话人，被说人，说话肯否定（not)，和对象。处理方法就是将所有情况列举出来，然后将语句进行判断。如果出现两组满足，就将两组中相同的保留（这些是可以确定的）

注意：即使没有人类被确定，但是白天黑夜已经被分出来了，也要输出。

这道题刚一看题目觉得是暴力搜索，但是写了很久都没整明白怎么写，参考了下别人的代码，算是明白怎么回事了。

#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;

#define N 55
#define M 10

int people[M];
int brith[M];
int n;
int ok;
int FP;
int now[M];
int yes[M];

struct say{
	char talk;
	char name;
	int bo;
	int sex;
};

void thesome()
{
	for(int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
		if(now[i] != people[i])
			yes[i] = 1;
}

int ture_say(say f)
{
	if(f.sex != -1)
	{
		if(f.name == 'T')
		{
			if(f.bo && f.sex - 4 == people[0])
				return 1;
			else if(!f.bo && f.sex - 4 != people[0])
				return 1;
			else
				return 0;
		}
		else
		{
			int id = f.name - 'A' + 1;
			if(f.bo && f.sex == people[id])
				return 1;
			else if(!f.bo && f.sex != people[id])
				return 1;
			else
				return 0;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		int id = f.name - 'A' + 1;

		if(people[id] == 3 && !f.bo)
			return 1;
		else if (people[id] == 1 && f.bo)
			return 1;
		else if(people[id] == 2)
		{
			if(people[0] && !f.bo)
				return 1;
			else if(!people[0] && f.bo)
				return 1;
			else
				return 0;
		}
		else
			return 0;
	}
}

int write(char str[])
{
	if(strncmp(str, "divine.", 7) == 0)
		return 3;
	else if(strncmp(str, "human.", 6) == 0)
		return 2;
	else if(strncmp(str, "evil.", 5) == 0)
		return 1;
	else if(strncmp(str, "day.", 4) == 0)
		return 5;
	else if( strncmp(str, "night.", 6) == 0)
		return 4;
	else if( strncmp(str, "lying.", 6) ==0)
		return -1;
}

void read(say tem[])
{
	char str[M];
	int id;

	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		cin >> str;
		tem[i].talk = str[0];
		id = str[0] - 'A' + 1;
		brith[id] = 1;

		cin >> str;
		if(strcmp(str, "It") == 0)
			tem[i].name = 'T';
		else if(str[0] == 'I')
			tem[i].name = tem[i].talk;
		else
		{
			tem[i].name = str[0];
			id = str[0] - 'A' + 1;
			brith[id] = 1;
		}

		cin >> str;
		cin >> str;
		if(strcmp(str, "not"))
		{
			tem[i].bo = 1;
			tem[i].sex = write(str);
		}
		else
		{
			tem[i].bo = 0;
			cin >> str;
			tem[i].sex = write(str);
		}

        //		if(tem[i].sex == -1 && tem[i].talk == tem[i].name && tem[i].bo)
        //			FP = 1;
	}
}

int judge(say tem[])
{
	for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		int id = tem[i].talk - 'A' + 1;
		if(people[id] == 3)
		{
			if(ture_say(tem[i]))
				continue;
			else
				return 0;
		}
		else if(people[id] == 2)
		{
			int f = ture_say(tem[i]);
			if( (people[0] && f) || (!people[0] && !f) )
				continue;
			else
				return 0;
		}
		else if(people[id] == 1)
		{
			if(!ture_say(tem[i]))
				continue;
			else
				return 0;
		}
	}
	return 1;
}

void build(int k, say tem[])
{
	if(k < 6)
	{
		if(brith[k])
		{
			for(people[k] = 1; people[k] < 4; people[k]++)
				build(k + 1, tem);
		}
		else
			build(k + 1, tem);
	}
	else if(judge(tem))
	{
        //		cout << k << endl;
		if(ok >= 1)
			thesome();
		else
			for(int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
				now[i] = people[i];
		ok++;
	}

}

int main()
{
	int t = 1;
	while(cin >> n, n)
	{
		// Init.
		memset(people, 0, sizeof(people));
		memset(brith, 0, sizeof(brith));
		ok = 0;
		say tem[N];
        //	FP = 0;
		memset(yes, 0,sizeof(yes));

		// ReadZZg.
		read(tem);

		cout << "Conversation #" << t++ << endl;
        //		if(FP)
        //			cout << "This is impossible." << endl;
        //		else
        //		{
        for(people[0] = 0; people[0] < 2; people[0]++)
            build(1, tem);

        if(ok == 0)
            cout << "This is impossible." << endl;
        else
        {
            //*
            int oi = 0;
            for(int i = 1; i < 6; i++)
            {
                if(!yes[i] && now[i])
                {
                    oi++;
                    char c = 'A' + i - 1;
                    if(now[i] == 3)
                        cout << c << " is divine." << endl;
                    else if(now[i] == 2)
                        cout << c << " is human." << endl;
                    else if(now[i] == 1)
                        cout << c << " is evil." << endl;
                }
            }

            if(oi == 0 && yes[0])
                cout << "No facts are deducible." << endl;
            if(now[0] && !yes[0])
                cout << "It is day." << endl;
            else if(!yes[0])
                cout << "It is night." << endl;
            //			}
        }
        cout << endl;
	}
	return 0;}