C++备忘录099：useful gcc/clang builtin functions

位运算

ffs(n)返回从右向左数第几位是1。n==0时返回0

constexpr int ffs(int n) noexcept {
   
	return __builtin_ffs(n) - 1;
}
static_assert(ffs(0b11) == 0);
static_assert(ffs(0b10) == 1);

clz(n)返回前导0的个数。n==0时返回未定义

constexpr int clz(unsigned n) noexcept {
    // clz: counting leading zeros
	return __builtin_clz(n);
}
static_assert(clz(0b10) == 30);

ctz(n)返回从后数0的个数，n!=0时和ffs(n)的结果相同。n==0时返回未定义

constexpr int ctz(unsigned n) noexcept {
    // ctz: counting tailing zeros
	return __builtin_ctz(n);
}
static_assert(clz(0b100) == 2);