Struts1的基本配置

要学习struts1，先了解struts1的特性和注意的事项：
1.struts1中是使用抽象类而不是接口，因此开发Action类继承一个抽象的基类；
2. struts1的Action是单例模式，并且必须是线程安全的，因为只有Action的一个实例来处理所有的请求，所以在开发的时候要格外小心，Action资源必须是线程安全的或同步的；
3. Struts1 Action的主要是通过execute（）方法暴露了Servlet API，这样就不许使用第三方的容器，比如Tomcat，weblogic，JBoss等；
4. struts的Action依赖于Servlet API，当Action被调用时，HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse被传递给执行方法；
5. Struts1 使用ActionForm对象捕获输入。所有的ActionForm必须继承一个基类。因为其他JavaBean不能用作ActionForm，开发者经常创建多余的类捕获输入。

项目配置：
一. 新建一个web项目。
二. 导入struts1需要的lib包：

三. 拷贝struts1案例项目下的web.xml和struts-config.xml配置文件到WEB-INF下
四. 配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE web-app
  PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.2//EN"
  "http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtds/web-app_2_2.dtd">

<web-app>
  <display-name>Struts Blank Application</display-name>

  <!-- 所有的*.do的anction都交给了这个ActionServlet来处理 -->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
    <!-- 初始化引入配置文件 -->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>config</param-name>
      <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>debug</param-name>
      <param-value>2</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>detail</param-name>
      <param-value>2</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>

  <!-- Standard Action Servlet Mapping -->
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <!-- The Usual Welcome File List -->
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>

</web-app>

五. 配置struts-config.xml文件（以一个注册页面为例）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>

<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC
          "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN"
          "http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd">

<struts-config>

    <form-beans>

    </form-beans>

    <!-- 全局跳转 -->
    <global-forwards>
        <forward name="error" path="/ErrorPage.jsp"></forward>
    </global-forwards>

    <action-mappings> 

    </action-mappings>

</struts-config>

六. 在第五步只要导入基本的配置在第六步是建立Action和相应的ActionForm（以注册为例）

Action：

package action;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;

import form.RegisterActionForm;

public class RegisterAction extends Action{

    public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
            HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception {

            RegisterActionForm actionForm = (RegisterActionForm)form;
            String userName = actionForm.getUserName();
            String passWord = actionForm.getPassWord();

            if(userName != null && !"".equals(userName) && passWord != null && !"".equals(passWord)){
                System.out.println("后台收到用户名-->> "+actionForm.getUserName());
                System.out.println("后台收到用密码-->> "+actionForm.getPassWord());
                return (mapping.findForward("success"));
            }else{
                //      return new ActionForward("/default");
                return (mapping.findForward("default"));
            }
    }
}

ActionForm：

package form;

import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;

public class RegisterActionForm extends ActionForm{

    private String userName;
    private String passWord;

    public void init(){
        userName = null;
        passWord = null;
    }

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }
    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }
    public String getPassWord() {
        return passWord;
    }
    public void setPassWord(String passWord) {
        this.passWord = passWord;
    }

}

七 . 把Action和FormBean配置到struts-config.xml中：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>

<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC
          "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN"
          "http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd">

<struts-config>

    <form-beans>
        <form-bean name="RegisterActionForm" type="form.RegisterActionForm"></form-bean>
    </form-beans>

    <!-- 全局跳转 -->
    <global-forwards>
        <forward name="error" path="/ErrorPage.jsp"></forward>
    </global-forwards>

    <action-mappings> 

        <action name="RegisterActionForm" path="/register" scope="request" type="action.RegisterAction">
            <forward name="default" path="/WEB-INF/register.jsp" redirect="false"></forward>
            <forward name="success" path="/WEB-INF/success.jsp" redirect="false"></forward>
        </action>

    </action-mappings>

</struts-config>

八. 建立JSP页面：

<%@ page pageEncoding="utf-8" %>
<%@ page errorPage="ErrorPage.jsp" %>

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" %>
<%@ page import="form.RegisterActionForm" %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>注册页面</title>

<style type="text/css">
    .reg_div{
        background-color: #92DCF8;
        margin:auto;
        margin-top:15%;
        height: 200px;
        width: 350px;
    }

    .reg_table{
        text-align: center;
        margin: auto;
        padding-top: 15%;
    }

</style>

<script type="text/javascript" src="script/jquery-1.4.2.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">

    function submitPb(){
        var f = document.theForm;
        var userName = f.userName.value;
        var passWord = f.passWord.value;
        if($.trim(userName).length == 0 || $.trim(passWord).length == 0){
            alert("用户名和密码不能为空!");
            return false;
        }
        f.submit();
    }   
</script>
</head>

<body>

<form name="theForm" method="post" action="register.do">
<div class="reg_div">
    <table class="reg_table">
        <tr>
            <td>帐号:</td>
            <td colspan="2"><input type="text" name="userName"/></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>密码:</td>
            <td colspan="2"><input type="password" name="passWord"/></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td></td>
            <td><input type="button" value="提交" onclick="submitPb();"/></td>
            <td><input type="reset" value="重置"/></td>
        </tr>   
    </table>
</div>
</form>

</body>
</html>

<%@ page pageEncoding="utf-8" %>
<%@ page errorPage="ErrorPage.jsp" %>

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" %>
<%@ page import="form.RegisterActionForm" %>

<%
    RegisterActionForm form = (RegisterActionForm)pageContext.findAttribute("RegisterActionForm");
 %>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>提交结果</title>

<style type="text/css">
    .reg_div{
        background-color: #92DCF8;
        margin:auto;
        margin-top:15%;
        height: 200px;
        width: 350px;
    }

    .reg_table{
        text-align: center;
        margin: auto;
        padding-top: 20%;
    }

</style>

<script type="text/javascript">

</script>
</head>

<body>

<form name="theForm" method="post" action="register.do">
<div class="reg_div">
    <table class="reg_table">
        <tr>
            <td>输入的帐号是:</td>
            <td><%=form.getUserName() %></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>输入的密码是:</td>
            <td><%=form.getPassWord() %></td>
        </tr>
    </table>
</div>
</form>

</body>
</html>