自定义ViewGroup支持margin，gravity以及水平，垂直排列

最新推荐文章于 2022-08-10 21:26:13 发布

Qiaoidea

最新推荐文章于 2022-08-10 21:26:13 发布

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分类专栏： android 基础文章标签： android ViewGroup

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最近在学习android的view部分，于是动手实现了一个类似ViewPager的可上下或者左右拖动的ViewGroup，中间遇到了一些问题（例如touchEvent在onInterceptTouchEvent和onTouchEvent之间的传递流程），现在将我的实现过程记录下来。

首先，要实现一个ViewGroup，必须至少重写onLayout（）方法（当然还有构造方法啦：））。onLayout（）主要是用来安排子View在我们这个ViewGroup中的摆放位置的。除了onLayout（）方法之外往往还需要重写onMeasure（）方法，用于测算我们所需要占用的空间。

首先，我们来重写onMeasure（）方法：（先只考虑水平方向）

@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
	// 计算所有child view 要占用的空间
	desireWidth = 0;
	desireHeight = 0;
	int count = getChildCount();
	for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
		View v = getChildAt(i);
		if (v.getVisibility() != View.GONE) {
			measureChild(v, widthMeasureSpec,
					heightMeasureSpec);
			desireWidth += v.getMeasuredWidth();
			desireHeight = Math
					.max(desireHeight, v.getMeasuredHeight());
		}
	}

	// count with padding
	desireWidth += getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight();
	desireHeight += getPaddingTop() + getPaddingBottom();

	// see if the size is big enough
	desireWidth = Math.max(desireWidth, getSuggestedMinimumWidth());
	desireHeight = Math.max(desireHeight, getSuggestedMinimumHeight());

	setMeasuredDimension(resolveSize(desireWidth, widthMeasureSpec),
			resolveSize(desireHeight, heightMeasureSpec));
}

我们计算出所有Visilibity不是Gone的View的宽度的总和作为viewgroup的最大宽度，以及这些view中的最高的一个作为viewgroup的高度。这里需要注意的是要考虑咱们viewgroup自己的padding。（目前先忽略子View的margin）。

onLayout（）：

@Override
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
	final int parentLeft = getPaddingLeft();
	final int parentRight = r - l - getPaddingRight();
	final int parentTop = getPaddingTop();
	final int parentBottom = b - t - getPaddingBottom();

	if (BuildConfig.DEBUG)
		Log.d("onlayout", "parentleft: " + parentLeft + "   parenttop: "
				+ parentTop + "   parentright: " + parentRight
				+ "   parentbottom: " + parentBottom);

	int left = parentLeft;
	int top = parentTop;

	int count = getChildCount();
	for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
		View v = getChildAt(i);
		if (v.getVisibility() != View.GONE) {
			final int childWidth = v.getMeasuredWidth();
			final int childHeight = v.getMeasuredHeight();
				v.layout(left, top, left + childWidth, top + childHeight);
				left += childWidth;
		}
	}
}

上面的layout方法写的比较简单，就是简单的计算出每个子View的left值，然后调用view的layout方法即可。

现在我们加上xml布局文件，来看一下效果：

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <com.example.testslidelistview.SlideGroup
        android:id="@+id/sl"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="500dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="50dp"
        android:background="#FFFF00" >

        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/iv1"
            android:layout_width="150dp"
            android:layout_height="300dp"
            android:scaleType="fitXY"
            android:src="@drawable/lead_page_1" />

        <ImageView
            android:layout_width="150dp"
            android:layout_height="300dp"
            android:scaleType="fitXY"
            android:src="@drawable/lead_page_2" />

        <ImageView
            android:layout_width="150dp"
            android:layout_height="300dp"
            android:scaleType="fitXY"
            android:src="@drawable/lead_page_3" />
    </com.example.testslidelistview.SlideGroup>

</LinearLayout>

效果图如下：

从效果图中我们看到，3个小图连在一起（因为现在不支持margin），然后我们也没办法让他们垂直居中（因为现在还不支持gravity）。

现在我们首先为咱们的ViewGroup增加一个支持margin和gravity的LayoutParams。

@Override
	protected android.view.ViewGroup.LayoutParams generateDefaultLayoutParams() {
		return new LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT,
				ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT);
	}

	@Override
	public android.view.ViewGroup.LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(
			AttributeSet attrs) {
		return new LayoutParams(getContext(), attrs);
	}

	@Override
	protected android.view.ViewGroup.LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(
			android.view.ViewGroup.LayoutParams p) {
		return new LayoutParams(p);
	}

	public static class LayoutParams extends MarginLayoutParams {
		public int gravity = -1;

		public LayoutParams(Context c, AttributeSet attrs) {
			super(c, attrs);

			TypedArray ta = c.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,
					R.styleable.SlideGroup);

			gravity = ta.getInt(R.styleable.SlideGroup_layout_gravity, -1);

			ta.recycle();
		}

		public LayoutParams(int width, int height) {
			this(width, height, -1);
		}

		public LayoutParams(int width, int height, int gravity) {
			super(width, height);
			this.gravity = gravity;
		}

		public LayoutParams(android.view.ViewGroup.LayoutParams source) {
			super(source);
		}

		public LayoutParams(MarginLayoutParams source) {
			super(source);
		}
	}

xml的自定义属性如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <attr name="layout_gravity">
        <!-- Push object to the top of its container, not changing its size. -->
        <flag name="top" value="0x30" />
        <!-- Push object to the bottom of its container, not changing its size. -->
        <flag name="bottom" value="0x50" />
        <!-- Push object to the left of its container, not changing its size. -->
        <flag name="left" value="0x03" />
        <!-- Push object to the right of its container, not changing its size. -->
        <flag name="right" value="0x05" />
        <!-- Place object in the vertical center of its container, not changing its size. -->
        <flag name="center_vertical" value="0x10" />
        <!-- Place object in the horizontal center of its container, not changing its size. -->
        <flag name="center_horizontal" value="0x01" />
    </attr>
    
    <declare-styleable name="SlideGroup">
        <attr name="layout_gravity" />
    </declare-styleable>
</resources>

现在基本的准备工作差不多了，然后需要修改一下onMeasure（）和onLayout（）。

onMeasure（）：（上一个版本，我们在计算最大宽度和高度时忽略了margin）

@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
	// 计算所有child view 要占用的空间
	desireWidth = 0;
	desireHeight = 0;
	int count = getChildCount();
	for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
		View v = getChildAt(i);
		if (v.getVisibility() != View.GONE) {

			LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) v.getLayoutParams();
			//将measureChild改为measureChildWithMargin
			measureChildWithMargins(v, widthMeasureSpec, 0,
					heightMeasureSpec, 0);
			//这里在计算宽度时加上margin
			desireWidth += v.getMeasuredWidth() + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin;
			desireHeight = Math
					.max(desireHeight, v.getMeasuredHeight() + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin);
		}
	}

	// count with padding
	desireWidth += getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight();
	desireHeight += getPaddingTop() + getPaddingBottom();

	// see if the size is big enough
	desireWidth = Math.max(desireWidth, getSuggestedMinimumWidth());
	desireHeight = Math.max(desireHeight, getSuggestedMinimumHeight());

	setMeasuredDimension(resolveSize(desireWidth, widthMeasureSpec),
			resolveSize(desireHeight, heightMeasureSpec));
}

onLayout（）（加上margin和gravity）

@Override
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
	final int parentLeft = getPaddingLeft();
	final int parentRight = r - l - getPaddingRight();
	final int parentTop = getPaddingTop();
	final int parentBottom = b - t - getPaddingBottom();

	if (BuildConfig.DEBUG)
		Log.d("onlayout", "parentleft: " + parentLeft + "   parenttop: "
				+ parentTop + "   parentright: " + parentRight
				+ "   parentbottom: " + parentBottom);

	int left = parentLeft;
	int top = parentTop;

	int count = getChildCount();
	for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
		View v = getChildAt(i);
		if (v.getVisibility() != View.GONE) {
			LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) v.getLayoutParams();
			final int childWidth = v.getMeasuredWidth();
			final int childHeight = v.getMeasuredHeight();
			final int gravity = lp.gravity;
			final int horizontalGravity = gravity
					& Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK;
			final int verticalGravity = gravity
					& Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK;

			left += lp.leftMargin;
			top = parentTop + lp.topMargin;
			if (gravity != -1) {
				switch (verticalGravity) {
				case Gravity.TOP:
					break;
				case Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL:
					top = parentTop
							+ (parentBottom - parentTop - childHeight)
							/ 2 + lp.topMargin - lp.bottomMargin;
					break;
				case Gravity.BOTTOM:
					top = parentBottom - childHeight - lp.bottomMargin;
					break;
				}
			}

			if (BuildConfig.DEBUG) {
				Log.d("onlayout", "child[width: " + childWidth
						+ ", height: " + childHeight + "]");
				Log.d("onlayout", "child[left: " + left + ", top: "
						+ top + ", right: " + (left + childWidth)
						+ ", bottom: " + (top + childHeight));
			}
			v.layout(left, top, left + childWidth, top + childHeight);
			left += childWidth + lp.rightMargin;
			
		}
	}
}

现在修改一下xml布局文件，加上例如xmlns:ly="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"，的xml命名空间，来引用我们设置的layout_gravity属性。（这里的“res-auto”其实还可以使用res/com/example/testslidelistview来代替，但是前一种方法相对简单，尤其是当你将某个ui组件作为library来使用的时候）

现在的效果图如下：有了margin，有了gravity。

其实在这个基础上，我们可以很容易的添加一个方向属性，使得它可以通过设置一个xml属性或者一个java api调用来实现垂直排列。

下面我们增加一个用于表示方向的枚举类型：

public static enum Orientation {
		HORIZONTAL(0), VERTICAL(1);
		
		private int value;
		private Orientation(int i) {
			value = i;
		}
		public int value() {
			return value;
		}
		public static Orientation valueOf(int i) {
			switch (i) {
			case 0:
				return HORIZONTAL;
			case 1:
				return VERTICAL;
			default:
				throw new RuntimeException("[0->HORIZONTAL, 1->VERTICAL]");
			}
		}
	}

然后我们需要改变onMeasure（），来正确的根据方向计算需要的最大宽度和高度。

@Override
	protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
		// 计算所有child view 要占用的空间
		desireWidth = 0;
		desireHeight = 0;
		int count = getChildCount();
		for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
			View v = getChildAt(i);
			if (v.getVisibility() != View.GONE) {
				LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) v.getLayoutParams();
				measureChildWithMargins(v, widthMeasureSpec, 0,
						heightMeasureSpec, 0);

				//只是在这里增加了垂直或者水平方向的判断
				if (orientation == Orientation.HORIZONTAL) {
					desireWidth += v.getMeasuredWidth() + lp.leftMargin
							+ lp.rightMargin;
					desireHeight = Math.max(desireHeight, v.getMeasuredHeight()
							+ lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin);
				} else {
					desireWidth = Math.max(desireWidth, v.getMeasuredWidth()
							+ lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin);
					desireHeight += v.getMeasuredHeight() + lp.topMargin
							+ lp.bottomMargin;
				}
			}
		}

		// count with padding
		desireWidth += getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight();
		desireHeight += getPaddingTop() + getPaddingBottom();

		// see if the size is big enough
		desireWidth = Math.max(desireWidth, getSuggestedMinimumWidth());
		desireHeight = Math.max(desireHeight, getSuggestedMinimumHeight());

		setMeasuredDimension(resolveSize(desireWidth, widthMeasureSpec),
				resolveSize(desireHeight, heightMeasureSpec));
	}

onLayout（）：

@Override
	protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
		final int parentLeft = getPaddingLeft();
		final int parentRight = r - l - getPaddingRight();
		final int parentTop = getPaddingTop();
		final int parentBottom = b - t - getPaddingBottom();

		if (BuildConfig.DEBUG)
			Log.d("onlayout", "parentleft: " + parentLeft + "   parenttop: "
					+ parentTop + "   parentright: " + parentRight
					+ "   parentbottom: " + parentBottom);

		int left = parentLeft;
		int top = parentTop;

		int count = getChildCount();
		for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
			View v = getChildAt(i);
			if (v.getVisibility() != View.GONE) {
				LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) v.getLayoutParams();
				final int childWidth = v.getMeasuredWidth();
				final int childHeight = v.getMeasuredHeight();
				final int gravity = lp.gravity;
				final int horizontalGravity = gravity
						& Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK;
				final int verticalGravity = gravity
						& Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK;

				if (orientation == Orientation.HORIZONTAL) {
					// layout horizontally, and only consider vertical gravity

					left += lp.leftMargin;
					top = parentTop + lp.topMargin;
					if (gravity != -1) {
						switch (verticalGravity) {
						case Gravity.TOP:
							break;
						case Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL:
							top = parentTop
									+ (parentBottom - parentTop - childHeight)
									/ 2 + lp.topMargin - lp.bottomMargin;
							break;
						case Gravity.BOTTOM:
							top = parentBottom - childHeight - lp.bottomMargin;
							break;
						}
					}

					if (BuildConfig.DEBUG) {
						Log.d("onlayout", "child[width: " + childWidth
								+ ", height: " + childHeight + "]");
						Log.d("onlayout", "child[left: " + left + ", top: "
								+ top + ", right: " + (left + childWidth)
								+ ", bottom: " + (top + childHeight));
					}
					v.layout(left, top, left + childWidth, top + childHeight);
					left += childWidth + lp.rightMargin;
				} else {
					// layout vertical, and only consider horizontal gravity

					left = parentLeft;
					top += lp.topMargin;
					switch (horizontalGravity) {
					case Gravity.LEFT:
						break;
					case Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL:
						left = parentLeft
								+ (parentRight - parentLeft - childWidth) / 2
								+ lp.leftMargin - lp.rightMargin;
						break;
					case Gravity.RIGHT:
						left = parentRight - childWidth - lp.rightMargin;
						break;
					}
					v.layout(left, top, left + childWidth, top + childHeight);
					top += childHeight + lp.bottomMargin;
				}
			}
		}
	}

现在我们可以增加一个xml属性：

<attr name="orientation">
            <enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
            <enum name="vertical" value="1" />
</attr>

现在就可以在布局文件中加入ly:orientation="vertical"来实现垂直排列了（ly是自定义的xml命名空间）

布局文件如下：

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <com.example.testslidelistview.SlideGroup
        xmlns:gs="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
        android:id="@+id/sl"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_marginTop="50dp"
        android:background="#FFFF00" >

        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/iv1"
            android:layout_width="300dp"
            android:layout_height="200dp"
            android:layout_marginBottom="20dp"
            gs:layout_gravity="left"
            android:scaleType="fitXY"
            android:src="@drawable/lead_page_1" />

        <ImageView
            android:layout_width="300dp"
            android:layout_height="200dp"
            android:layout_marginBottom="20dp"
            gs:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
            android:scaleType="fitXY"
            android:src="@drawable/lead_page_2" />

        <ImageView
            android:layout_width="300dp"
            android:layout_height="200dp"
            android:layout_marginBottom="20dp"
            gs:layout_gravity="right"
            android:scaleType="fitXY"
            android:src="@drawable/lead_page_3" />
    </com.example.testslidelistview.SlideGroup>

</LinearLayout>

现在效果图如下：

现在基本上是实现了一个简单的基于ViewGroup的layout，但是从上面的图中可以看出，第三张都没有显示完整，那么为了能够显示更多的内容，我们需要支持滑动，那就涉及到onTouchEvent（），以及Scroller的使用，这些就在下一篇中记录吧。。。（自定义ViewGroup (2)支持滑动，并处理多指触摸可能产生的跳动问题）

Qiaoidea

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自定义ViewGroup支持margin，gravity以及水平，垂直排列

最近在学习android的view部分，于是动手实现了一个类似ViewPager的可上下或者左右拖动的ViewGroup，中间遇到了一些问题（例如touchEvent在onInterceptTouchEvent和onTouchEvent之间的传递流程），现在将我的实现过程记录下来。首先，要实现一个ViewGroup，必须至少重写onLayout（）方法（当然还有构造方法啦：））。onLay
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