ArangoDB教程(二)-AQL语句使用,图使用，结合WEB界面端

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-13 08:09:00 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-08-13 08:09:00 发布
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分类专栏： 数据库 文章标签： ArangoDB 数据库 图 AQL WEB
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一.ArangoDB基本单元
1.Collections
Collections相当于传统数据库的表，Collections有两种类型(不要和数据document混淆)
(1)document collection图的节点
(2)edge collection图的边
和document类型相比，多出_from和_to属性，表示两个document之间的联系，换句话说就是:
document collection的两个节点documents,通过edge collection边document来相连。
2.document文档
document 相当于传统数据库每一行数据，JSON格式，并自带3个属性，_key，_id，_rev
比如

{
    "_key": "2861650", //每个document的唯一标识，用于在collection集合中标识它，如果不设置的话会自动分配
    "_id": "Characters/2861650", //用于在database数据库中标识文档
    "_rev": "_V1bzsXa---", //对document的修订版本
    "name": "Ned",
    "surname": "Stark",
    "alive": true,
    "age": 41,
    "traits": ["A","H","C","N","P"]
},

二.AQL语句使用
1.查询document
通过_key获取

RETURN DOCUMENT("Characters", "2861650")

通过_id获取

RETURN DOCUMENT("Characters/2861650")

获取所有表中所有数据

FOR c IN Characters
    RETURN c

条件查询

FOR c IN Characters
    FILTER c.name == "Ned"
    RETURN c
FOR c IN Characters
    FILTER c.name == "Ned"
    RETURN c.age
FOR c IN Characters
    FILTER c.age < 13 AND c.age != null
    RETURN { name: c.name, age: c.age }
FOR c IN Characters
    FILTER c.age < 13 AND c.age != null
    RETURN { name: c.name, age: c.age }

限制查询的条数

FOR c IN Characters
    LIMIT 5
    RETURN c.name

排序
此语句是先对name进行了排序，然后再进行Limit 10

FOR c IN Characters
    SORT c.name
    LIMIT 10	
    RETURN c.name

2.插入ducument
单条document数据插入

INSERT {
    "name": "Robert",
    "surname": "Baratheon",
    "alive": false,
    "traits": ["A","H","C"]
} INTO Characters

多条document数据插入

LET data = [
    { "name": "Robert", "surname": "Baratheon", "alive": false, "traits": ["A","H","C"] },
    { "name": "Jaime", "surname": "Lannister", "alive": true, "age": 36, "traits": ["A","F","B"] },
    { "name": "Catelyn", "surname": "Stark", "alive": false, "age": 40, "traits": ["D","H","C"] },
    { "name": "Cersei", "surname": "Lannister", "alive": true, "age": 36, "traits": ["H","E","F"] },
    { "name": "Daenerys", "surname": "Targaryen", "alive": true, "age": 16, "traits": ["D","H","C"] },
    { "name": "Jorah", "surname": "Mormont", "alive": false, "traits": ["A","B","C","F"] },
    { "name": "Petyr", "surname": "Baelish", "alive": false, "traits": ["E","G","F"] },
    { "name": "Viserys", "surname": "Targaryen", "alive": false, "traits": ["O","L","N"] },
    { "name": "Jon", "surname": "Snow", "alive": true, "age": 16, "traits": ["A","B","C","F"] },
    { "name": "Sansa", "surname": "Stark", "alive": true, "age": 13, "traits": ["D","I","J"] },
    { "name": "Arya", "surname": "Stark", "alive": true, "age": 11, "traits": ["C","K","L"] },
    { "name": "Robb", "surname": "Stark", "alive": false, "traits": ["A","B","C","K"] },
    { "name": "Theon", "surname": "Greyjoy", "alive": true, "age": 16, "traits": ["E","R","K"] },
    { "name": "Bran", "surname": "Stark", "alive": true, "age": 10, "traits": ["L","J"] },
    { "name": "Joffrey", "surname": "Baratheon", "alive": false, "age": 19, "traits": ["I","L","O"] },
    { "name": "Sandor", "surname": "Clegane", "alive": true, "traits": ["A","P","K","F"] },
    { "name": "Tyrion", "surname": "Lannister", "alive": true, "age": 32, "traits": ["F","K","M","N"] },
    { "name": "Khal", "surname": "Drogo", "alive": false, "traits": ["A","C","O","P"] },
    { "name": "Tywin", "surname": "Lannister", "alive": false, "traits": ["O","M","H","F"] },
    { "name": "Davos", "surname": "Seaworth", "alive": true, "age": 49, "traits": ["C","K","P","F"] },
    { "name": "Samwell", "surname": "Tarly", "alive": true, "age": 17, "traits": ["C","L","I"] },
    { "name": "Stannis", "surname": "Baratheon", "alive": false, "traits": ["H","O","P","M"] },
    { "name": "Melisandre", "alive": true, "traits": ["G","E","H"] },
    { "name": "Margaery", "surname": "Tyrell", "alive": false, "traits": ["M","D","B"] },
    { "name": "Jeor", "surname": "Mormont", "alive": false, "traits": ["C","H","M","P"] },
    { "name": "Bronn", "alive": true, "traits": ["K","E","C"] },
    { "name": "Varys", "alive": true, "traits": ["M","F","N","E"] },
    { "name": "Shae", "alive": false, "traits": ["M","D","G"] },
    { "name": "Talisa", "surname": "Maegyr", "alive": false, "traits": ["D","C","B"] },
    { "name": "Gendry", "alive": false, "traits": ["K","C","A"] },
    { "name": "Ygritte", "alive": false, "traits": ["A","P","K"] },
    { "name": "Tormund", "surname": "Giantsbane", "alive": true, "traits": ["C","P","A","I"] },
    { "name": "Gilly", "alive": true, "traits": ["L","J"] },
    { "name": "Brienne", "surname": "Tarth", "alive": true, "age": 32, "traits": ["P","C","A","K"] },
    { "name": "Ramsay", "surname": "Bolton", "alive": true, "traits": ["E","O","G","A"] },
    { "name": "Ellaria", "surname": "Sand", "alive": true, "traits": ["P","O","A","E"] },
    { "name": "Daario", "surname": "Naharis", "alive": true, "traits": ["K","P","A"] },
    { "name": "Missandei", "alive": true, "traits": ["D","L","C","M"] },
    { "name": "Tommen", "surname": "Baratheon", "alive": true, "traits": ["I","L","B"] },
    { "name": "Jaqen", "surname": "H'ghar", "alive": true, "traits": ["H","F","K"] },
    { "name": "Roose", "surname": "Bolton", "alive": true, "traits": ["H","E","F","A"] },
    { "name": "The High Sparrow", "alive": true, "traits": ["H","M","F","O"] }
]

FOR d IN data
    INSERT d INTO Characters

3.更新和替换document
更新，根据_key

UPDATE "2861650" WITH { alive: false } IN Characters

替换

REPLACE "2861650" WITH {
    name: "Ned",
    surname: "Stark",
    alive: false,
    age: 41,
    traits: ["A","H","C","N","P"]
} IN Characters

新增属性

FOR c IN Characters
    UPDATE c WITH { season: 1 } IN Characters

4.删除document
单条删除

REMOVE "2861650" IN Characters

批量删除

FOR c IN Characters
    REMOVE c IN Characters

5.MERGE()，collection之间的document关联
假如现在让Characters的traits字段和Traits中的数据相关联
创建collection集合 Traits
然后再导入数据

LET data =[
    { "_key": "A", "en": "strong", "de": "stark" },
    { "_key": "B", "en": "polite", "de": "freundlich" },
    { "_key": "C", "en": "loyal", "de": "loyal" },
    { "_key": "D", "en": "beautiful", "de": "schön" },
    { "_key": "E", "en": "sneaky", "de": "hinterlistig" },
    { "_key": "F", "en": "experienced", "de": "erfahren" },
    { "_key": "G", "en": "corrupt", "de": "korrupt" },
    { "_key": "H", "en": "powerful", "de": "einflussreich" },
    { "_key": "I", "en": "naive", "de": "naiv" },
    { "_key": "J", "en": "unmarried", "de": "unverheiratet" },
    { "_key": "K", "en": "skillful", "de": "geschickt" },
    { "_key": "L", "en": "young", "de": "jung" },
    { "_key": "M", "en": "smart", "de": "klug" },
    { "_key": "N", "en": "rational", "de": "rational" },
    { "_key": "O", "en": "ruthless", "de": "skrupellos" },
    { "_key": "P", "en": "brave", "de": "mutig" },
    { "_key": "Q", "en": "mighty", "de": "mächtig" },
    { "_key": "R", "en": "weak", "de": "schwach" }
]

for d in data
    INSERT d INTO Traits

只关注traits字段和只拿en关联

FOR c IN Characters
    RETURN MERGE(c, { traits: DOCUMENT("Traits", c.traits)[*].en })

结果

{
    "_id": "Characters/7839",
    "_key": "7839",
    "_rev": "_YFmCBwS--_",
    "alive": false,
    "name": "Robert",
    "surname": "Baratheon",
    "traits": [
      "strong",
      "powerful",
      "loyal"
    ]
  }

traits字段和en，de关联

FOR c IN Characters
    RETURN MERGE(c, { traits: (for t in DOCUMENT("Traits", c.traits) RETURN {en:t.en,de:t.de})} )

结果

{
    "_id": "Characters/7839",
    "_key": "7839",
    "_rev": "_YFmCBwS--_",
    "alive": false,
    "name": "Robert",
    "surname": "Baratheon",
    "traits": [
      {
        "en": "strong",
        "de": "stark"
      },
      {
        "en": "powerful",
        "de": "einflussreich"
      },
      {
        "en": "loyal",
        "de": "loyal"
      }
    ]
}

6.图的建立
比如父母和孩子之间有以下关系:
在这里插入图片描述
首先创建ChildOf的新集合，集合类型为Edge document
Edge的_from和_to的内容必须为document的_id,运行一下代码，生成图关系

LET data = [
    {
        "parent": { "name": "Ned", "surname": "Stark" },
        "child": { "name": "Robb", "surname": "Stark" }
    }, {
        "parent": { "name": "Ned", "surname": "Stark" },
        "child": { "name": "Sansa", "surname": "Stark" }
    }, {
        "parent": { "name": "Ned", "surname": "Stark" },
        "child": { "name": "Arya", "surname": "Stark" }
    }, {
        "parent": { "name": "Ned", "surname": "Stark" },
        "child": { "name": "Bran", "surname": "Stark" }
    }, {
        "parent": { "name": "Catelyn", "surname": "Stark" },
        "child": { "name": "Robb", "surname": "Stark" }
    }, {
        "parent": { "name": "Catelyn", "surname": "Stark" },
        "child": { "name": "Sansa", "surname": "Stark" }
    }, {
        "parent": { "name": "Catelyn", "surname": "Stark" },
        "child": { "name": "Arya", "surname": "Stark" }
    }, {
        "parent": { "name": "Catelyn", "surname": "Stark" },
        "child": { "name": "Bran", "surname": "Stark" }
    }, {
        "parent": { "name": "Ned", "surname": "Stark" },
        "child": { "name": "Jon", "surname": "Snow" }
    }, {
        "parent": { "name": "Tywin", "surname": "Lannister" },
        "child": { "name": "Jaime", "surname": "Lannister" }
    }, {
        "parent": { "name": "Tywin", "surname": "Lannister" },
        "child": { "name": "Cersei", "surname": "Lannister" }
    }, {
        "parent": { "name": "Tywin", "surname": "Lannister" },
        "child": { "name": "Tyrion", "surname": "Lannister" }
    }, {
        "parent": { "name": "Cersei", "surname": "Lannister" },
        "child": { "name": "Joffrey", "surname": "Baratheon" }
    }, {
        "parent": { "name": "Jaime", "surname": "Lannister" },
        "child": { "name": "Joffrey", "surname": "Baratheon" }
    }
]

FOR rel in data
    LET parentId = FIRST(
        FOR c IN Characters
            FILTER c.name == rel.parent.name
            FILTER c.surname == rel.parent.surname
            LIMIT 1
            RETURN c._id
    )
    LET childId = FIRST(
        FOR c IN Characters
            FILTER c.name == rel.child.name
            FILTER c.surname == rel.child.surname
            LIMIT 1
            RETURN c._id
    )
    FILTER parentId != null AND childId != null
	//顶点和边相连
    INSERT { _from: childId, _to: parentId } INTO ChildOf
    RETURN NEW

FIRST()从数据中取第一个元素
NEW/OLD，NEW表示更改后的document,OLD表示更改之前的document

我们完成了关系的建立，尝试从关系中获取数据
查看关系图

FOR c IN ChildOf
    RETURN c

但发现关系图的顶点都是用id表示，不易看清楚，可以使用以下语句查看

FOR c IN ChildOf
	//CONCAT(c._from,DOCUMENT(c._from).name)
    RETURN {_key:c._key,_id:c._id,_from:DOCUMENT(c._from).name,_to:DOCUMENT(c._to).name,_rev:c._rev}

对图的使用
从孩子找父母

FOR c IN Characters
    FILTER c.name == "Bran"
	//1..1分别表示最小最大遍历深度，OUTBOUND表示沿着边的方向，INBOUND表示反方向
    FOR v IN 1..1 OUTBOUND c ChildOf
        RETURN v.name

从父母找孩子

FOR c IN Characters
    FILTER c.name == "Ned"
    FOR v IN 1..1 INBOUND c ChildOf
        RETURN v.name
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