ArangoDB基本语法

ASQL（基础）

插入（insert）

插入document

INSERT {
"name": "Robert",
"surname": "Baratheon",
"alive": false,
"traits": ["A","H","C"]
} INTO Characters

插入edge

FOR rel in data
LET parentId = FIRST(
FOR c IN Characters
FILTER c.name == rel.parent.name
FILTER c.surname == rel.parent.surname
LIMIT 1
RETURN c._id
)

LET childId = FIRST(
FOR c IN Characters
FILTER c.name == rel.child.name
FILTER c.surname == rel.child.surname
LIMIT 1
RETURN c._id
)

FILTER parentId != null AND childId != null
INSERT { _from: childId, _to: parentId } INTO ChildOf
RETURN NEW

查询（return）

Select * from Characters

RETURN DOCUMENT("Characters", ["2861650","2861653"])

Select name as name1, surname as surname1 from Characters

FOR c IN Characters
RETURN { name: c.name, surname: c.surname }

Select b.en from Characters a,Traits b where b._key in a.traits

FOR c IN Characters
RETURN DOCUMENT("Traits", c.traits)[*].en

Select a.*,b.en from Characters a,Traits b where b._key in a.traits

FOR c IN Characters
RETURN MERGE(c, { traits: DOCUMENT("Traits", c.traits)[*].en } )

UNION

FOR x in UNION(
	(FOR a in Characters
	RETURN a.name),
	(FOR b in Traits
	RETURN b.name)
)
RETURN x

修改

UPDATE（更新）

UPDATE "2861650" WITH { alive: false,age:null } IN Characters OPTIONS
{ keepNull: false }

UPSERT（如果存在则更新，如果不存在则插入）

//格式

upsert
insert
update


//示例

FOR i IN 1..1000
UPSERT { _key: CONCAT('test', i)}
INSERT {foobar: false}
UPDATE {_rev: "1287623", foobar: true }
IN users OPTIONS { ignoreRevs: false }

REPLACE（替换）

REPLACE "2861650" WITH {
	name: "Ned",
	surname: "Stark",
	alive: false,
	age: 41,
	traits: ["A","H","C","N","P"]
} IN Characters

REMOVE（删除）

//删除characters中_key为2861650的元素

REMOVE "2861650" IN Characters


//增加options

FOR i IN 1..1000
REMOVE { _key: CONCAT('test', i) } IN users OPTIONS { ignoreErrors: true,
waitForSync: true,ignoreRevs: false }

聚合

COLLECT

//按class，size聚合，把name聚合到数组groups中

FOR u IN server1
COLLECT class = u.class,size=u.size INTO groups=u.name
RETURN {
	"class" : class,
	"size":size,
	"group":groups
}

//按class,size聚合，把name,_id聚合到数组groups中，groups中每个元素是一个对象{name:u.name,id:u._id}

FOR u IN server1
COLLECT class = u.class,size=u.size INTO groups={name:u.name,id:u._id}
RETURN {
	"class" : class,
	"size":size,
	"group":groups
}

// keep 表示object里面的key是变量名

FOR u IN server1
let name=u.name
let class1=u.class
COLLECT class = u.class,size=u.size INTO groups keep class1,name
RETURN {
	"class" : class,
	"size":size,
	"group":groups
}

COUNT

//计算个数

FOR u IN relations1
COLLECT WITH COUNT INTO length
RETURN length

//类似于

return length(relations1)

AGGREGATE

支持length,min,max,sum,average,stddev_population,stddev_sample,variance_population,variance_sample

FOR u IN server1
COLLECT size=u.size AGGREGATE minSize = MIN(u._id), maxSize = MAX(u._id)
RETURN {
	size,
	minSize,
	maxSize
}

过滤

Filter

//类似于select name,age from Characters Where age<13

FOR c IN Characters
FILTER c.age < 13
RETURN { name: c.name, age: c.age }

AND

FOR c IN Characters
FILTER c.age < 13 AND c.age != null
RETURN { name: c.name, age: c.age }

//等价于

FOR c IN Characters
FILTER c.age < 13 
FILTER c.age != null
RETURN { name: c.name, age: c.age }

OR

//类似于select name,surname from characters where name in (‘Jon’,’Joffrey’)

FOR c IN Characters
FILTER c.name == "Jon" OR c.name == "Joffrey"
RETURN { name: c.name, surname: c.surname }

LIMIT

FOR c IN Characters
LIMIT 5
RETURN c.name

//从第二个位置开始选5个，可以用于分页

FOR c IN Characters
LIMIT 2, 5
RETURN c.name

SORT（排序）

//DESC降序；ASC升序

FOR c IN Characters
FILTER c.surname
SORT c.surname, c.name DESC
LIMIT 10
RETURN {
	surname: c.surname,
	name: c.name
}

OLD&NEW

//OLD 与 NEW的使用，OLD是修改前的数据，NEW是修改后的数据
//OLD和NEW必须是大写

UPSERT { name: "test" }
INSERT { name: "test" }
UPDATE {name:"update" } IN users
LET opType = IS_NULL(OLD) ? "insert" : "update"
RETURN { _key: NEW._key, type: opType }

图遍历（重点）

基础

格式

[WITH vertexCollection1[, vertexCollection2[, ...vertexCollectionN]]]
FOR vertex[, edge[, path]]
IN [min[..max]]
OUTBOUND|INBOUND|ANY startVertex
GRAPH graphName
[OPTIONS options]

//返回路径

FOR v, e, p IN 2..2 OUTBOUND "verts/A" edges
FILTER v._id == "verts/C"
RETURN CONCAT_SEPARATOR(" -> ", p.vertices[*]._key)

//双重循环

for v,e,p IN 1..100 OUTBOUND  "server1/2646bd6f528c6a9b2176da28b0c6195c" graph 'product1'
	for v1,e1,p1 IN 1..100 OUTBOUND "server1/c3ea0f7f7efcb5d9e7b9942331adc892" graph 'product1'
		filter v._id==v1._id
	return {from_edges:p.edges[*].name,from_vertices:p.vertices[*].name,to_edges:p1.edges[*].name,to_vertices:p1.vertices[*].name}

遍历方向

//inbound 逆序； outbound 顺序；any 任意方向

FOR v, e, p IN 1..5 OUTBOUND 'circles/A' GRAPH 'traversalGraph'
FILTER p.edges[0].theTruth == true
RETURN p

for v,e,p IN 1..10000 ANY "server1/2646bd6f528c6a9b2176da28b0c6195c" graph 'product1'
filter v.class=='服务器'
return {edges:p.edges[*].name,vertices:p.vertices[*].name}

变量深度

//a..b 相当于python中的range(a,b+1)
//深度为2的孙子

FOR c IN Characters
FILTER c.name == "Tywin"
FOR v IN 2..2 INBOUND c ChildOf
RETURN v.name

//深度为1的父母

FOR v IN 1..1 OUTBOUND "Characters/2901776" ChildOf
RETURN v.name

//给遍历深度一个范围，至少走一步，至多走两步

FOR c IN Characters
FILTER c.name == "Joffrey"
FOR v IN 1..2 OUTBOUND c ChildOf
RETURN DISTINCT v.name

地理索引

//设置index后，通过near来找到离(53.35,-6.26)最近的3个点

FOR loc IN NEAR(Locations, 53.35, -6.26, 3)
RETURN {
	name: loc.name,
	latitude: loc.coordinate[0],
	longitude: loc.coordinate[1]
}

//返回距离目标点多少米

FOR loc IN NEAR(Locations, 53.35, -6.26, 3, "distance")
RETURN {
	name: loc.name,
	latitude: loc.coordinate[0],
	longitude: loc.coordinate[1],
	distance: loc.distance / 1000
}

最短路径

FOR vertex[, edge]
IN OUTBOUND|INBOUND|ANY SHORTEST_PATH
startVertex TO targetVertex
edgeCollection1, ..., edgeCollectionN
[OPTIONS options]

语法（基础）

FOR

//遍历

for a in relations1
let from_name= document(a._from).name
let to_name=document(a._to).name
return merge(a,{_from:from_name,_to:to_name})

注释

ASQL中用//或者/**/注释

数据类型

null < bool < number < string <
array/list < object/document

操作符

正则

=~ ！~

等于/不等

== !=

二元运算符

and == &&
or == ||
not == !

1 || 7 // 1
null || "foo" // "foo"
null && true // null
true && 23 // 23

ANY ALL NONE

[ 1, 2, 3 ] ALL IN [ 2, 3, 4 ] // false
[ 1, 2, 3 ] ALL IN [ 1, 2, 3 ] // true
[ 1, 2, 3 ] NONE IN [ 3 ] // false
[ 1, 2, 3 ] NONE IN [ 23, 42 ] // true
[ 1, 2, 3 ] ANY IN [ 4, 5, 6 ] // false
[ 1, 2, 3 ] ANY IN [ 1, 42 ] // true
[ 1, 2, 3 ] ANY == 2 // true
[ 1, 2, 3 ] ANY == 4 // false
[ 1, 2, 3 ] ANY > 0 // true
[ 1, 2, 3 ] ANY <= 1 // true
[ 1, 2, 3 ] NONE < 99 // false
[ 1, 2, 3 ] NONE > 10 // true
[ 1, 2, 3 ] ALL > 2 // false
[ 1, 2, 3 ] ALL > 0 // true
[ 1, 2, 3 ] ALL >= 3 // false
["foo", "bar"] ALL != "moo" // true
["foo", "bar"] NONE == "bar" // false
["foo", "bar"] ANY == "foo" // true

变量

内部变量定义

//用LET定义

LET name = "Peter"
LET age = 42
RETURN{name,age}

外部变量

//@定义，查询框右边会出现 填写变量的框框

FOR u IN @collection
//FILTER u.active == true
RETURN u 

函数

POW()
CONCAT()
TO_NUMBER()
RANGE()
MERGE()//合并几个object
FLOOR()//向下取整
MIX()
MAX()
APPEND()//相当于UNION ALL
UNION()//相当于UNION