Qt5事件处理及实例

11.1 鼠标事件及实例

鼠标事件包括鼠标的移动，鼠标键按下、松开、单击、双击等。

运行效果如下：

mouseevent.h

#ifndef MOUSEEVENT_H

#define MOUSEEVENT_H

#include <QMainWindow>

#include <QLabel>

#include <QMouseEvent>

#include <QStatusBar>

class MouseEvent : public QMainWindow

{

    Q_OBJECT

public:

    MouseEvent(QWidget *parent = 0);

    ~MouseEvent();

protected:

    void mouseMoveEvent (QMouseEvent *);

    void mousePressEvent (QMouseEvent *);

    void mouseReleaseEvent (QMouseEvent *);

    void mouseDoubleClickEvent (QMouseEvent *);

private:

    QLabel *statusLabel;

    QLabel *MousePosLabel;

};

#endif // MOUSEEVENT_H

mouseevent.cpp

#include "mouseevent.h"

/*

 * statusBar()->addPermanentWidget(statusLabel): 在QMainWindow的状态栏中增加控件

 * this->setMouseTracking (true):设置窗体追踪鼠标。函数setMouseTracking()设置窗体是否追踪鼠标，默认为false，不追踪

 * 在此情况下应该至少有一个鼠标按键按下时响应鼠标移动的事件，

*/

MouseEvent::MouseEvent(QWidget *parent)

    : QMainWindow(parent)

{

    setWindowTitle (tr("鼠标事件"));

    statusLabel = new QLabel(tr("当前位置"));

    statusLabel->setFixedWidth (100);

    MousePosLabel = new QLabel(tr(""));

    MousePosLabel->setFixedWidth (100);

    statusBar()->addPermanentWidget(statusLabel);

    statusBar()->addPermanentWidget(MousePosLabel);

    this->setMouseTracking (true);

    resize(400, 200);

}

MouseEvent::~MouseEvent()

{

}

/*

 * 鼠标按下响应函数

 * QMouseEvent类的x()和y()方法可以获得鼠标相对于接收事件的窗体位置，

 * globalX()和globalY()方法可以获得鼠标相对于窗口系统的位置

*/

void MouseEvent::mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *e)

{

    QString str = "(" + QString::number (e->x ()) + ", " + QString::number (e->y ()) + ")";

    if(e->button () == Qt::LeftButton)

    {

        statusBar ()->showMessage (tr("左键:：") + str);

    }

    else if(e->button () == Qt::RightButton)

    {

        statusBar ()->showMessage (tr("右键：") + str);

    }

    else if(e->button () == Qt::MidButton)

    {

        statusBar ()->showMessage (tr("中键：") + str);

    }

}

/*

 * 鼠标移动响应函数

*/

void MouseEvent::mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent *e)

{

    MousePosLabel->setText ("(" + QString::number (e->x ()) + ", " + QString::number (e->y ()) + ")");

}

void MouseEvent::mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent *e)

{

    QString str = "(" + QString::number (e->x ()) + ", " + QString::number (e->y ()) + ")";

    statusBar ()->showMessage (tr("释放在：") + str);

}

void MouseEvent::mouseDoubleClickEvent (QMouseEvent *e)

{

}

11.2 键盘事件及实例

在图像处理和游戏应用程序中，有时需要通过键盘控制某个对象的移动，此功能可以通过对键盘事件的处理来实现。键盘事件的获取是通过重定义QWidget类的

keyPressEvent()和KeyReleaseEvent()来实现。

通过键盘的上、下、左、右方向可以控制图标的移动，移动的步进值为网络的大小，如果同时按下[Ctrl]键，则实现细微移动：若按下[Home]键，则光标回到界

面的左上点；若按下[End]键，则光标到达界面的右下点。

运行效果

keyevent.h

#ifndef KEYEVENT_H

#define KEYEVENT_H

#include <QWidget>

#include <QKeyEvent>

#include <QPaintEvent>

class KeyEvent : public QWidget

{

    Q_OBJECT

public:

    KeyEvent(QWidget *parent = 0);

    ~KeyEvent();

    void drawPix();

    void keyPressEvent (QKeyEvent *);

    void paintEvent (QPaintEvent *);

private:

    QPixmap *pix;       //作为一个绘图设备，使用双缓冲机制实现图形的绘制

    QImage image;       //界面中间的小图标

    int startx;         //图标的左上顶点位置

    int starty;

    int width;          //界面的宽度和高度

    int height;

    int step;           //网格的大小，及移动的步进值

};

#endif // KEYEVENT_H

keyevent.cpp

#include "keyevent.h"

#include <QPainter>

KeyEvent::KeyEvent(QWidget *parent)

    : QWidget(parent)

{

    setWindowTitle (tr("键盘事件"));

    setAutoFillBackground (true);

    QPalette palette = this->palette ();

    palette.setColor (QPalette::Window, Qt::white);

    setPalette (palette);

    setMinimumSize (525, 265);

    setMaximumSize (525, 265);

    width = size().width ();

    height = size().height ();

    pix = new QPixmap(width, height);

    pix->fill (Qt::white);

    image.load ("../image/image.png");

    startx = 100;

    starty = 100;

    step = 20;

    drawPix ();

    resize (525, 265);

}

KeyEvent::~KeyEvent()

{

}

void KeyEvent::drawPix ()

{

    pix->fill (Qt::white);              //重新刷新pix对象为白色底色

    QPainter *painter = new QPainter;   //创建一个QPainter对象

    QPen pen(Qt::DotLine);              //设置画笔的风格，用于绘制网络表格

    for(int i = step; i  <= 520; i += step)

    {

        for(int j = step; j <= 260; j += step)

        {

            painter->begin (pix);

            painter->setPen (pen);

            painter->drawLine (QPoint(i, 20), QPoint(i, 260));

            painter->drawLine (QPoint(20, j), QPoint(520, j));

            painter->end ();

        }

    }

    painter->begin (pix);

    /*在pix对象中绘制可移动的小图标*/

    painter->drawImage (QPoint(startx, starty), image);

    painter->end ();

}

void KeyEvent::keyPressEvent (QKeyEvent *e)

{

    if(e->modifiers () == Qt::ControlModifier)

    {

        if(e->key () == Qt::Key_Left)

        {

            startx = (startx - 1 < 21) ? startx : startx - 1;

        }

        if(e->key () == Qt::Key_Right)

        {

            startx = (startx + 1 + image.width () > width - 5) ? startx : startx + 1;

        }

        if(e->key () == Qt::Key_Up)

        {

            starty = (starty - 1 < 21) ? starty : starty - 1;

        }

        if(e->key () == Qt::Key_Down)

        {

            starty = (starty + 1 + image.width () > height - 5) ? starty : starty + 1;

        }

    }

    else

    {

        /*首先调节图标左上顶点的位置至网络的顶点上*/

        startx = startx - startx % step;

        starty = starty - starty % step;

        if(e->key () == Qt::Key_Left)

        {

            startx = (startx - step < 1) ? startx + 1 : startx - step;

        }

        if(e->key () == Qt::Key_Right)

        {

            startx = (startx + step + image.width () > width - 5) ? startx : startx + step;

        }

        if(e->key () == Qt::Key_Up)

        {

            starty = (starty - step < 1) ? starty + 1 : starty - step;

        }

        if(e->key () == Qt::Key_Down)

        {

            starty = (starty + step + image.width () > height - 5) ? starty : starty + step;

        }

        if(e->key () == Qt::Key_Home)

        {

            startx = 21;

            starty = 21;

        }

        if(e->key () == Qt::Key_End)

        {

            startx = 520 - image.width ();

            starty = 260 - image.height ();

        }

    }

    drawPix ();         //根据调整后的图标位置重新在pix中绘制图像

    update ();          //触发界面重画

}

/*

 * 界面重画函数paintEvent()，将pix绘制在界面上。

*/

void KeyEvent::paintEvent (QPaintEvent *p)

{

    QPainter painter;

    painter.begin (this);

    painter.drawPixmap (QPoint(-10, -10), *pix);

    painter.end ();

}

11.3事件过滤及实例

Qt的事件模型中提供的事件过滤器功能使得一个QObject对象可以监视另一个QObject对象中的事件，通过在一个QObject对象中安装事件过滤器，可以在事件到达该对象

前捕获事件，从而起到监视该对象事件的效果。

运行效果如下：

eventfilter.h

#ifndef EVENTFILTER_H

#define EVENTFILTER_H

#include <QDialog>

#include <QLabel>

#include <QImage>

#include <QEvent>

class EventFilter : public QDialog

{

    Q_OBJECT

public:

    EventFilter(QWidget *parent = 0);

    ~EventFilter();

public slots:

    bool eventFilter (QObject *, QEvent *);

private:

    QLabel *label1;

    QLabel *label2;

    QLabel *label3;

    QLabel *stateLabel;

    QImage Image1;

    QImage Image2;

    QImage Image3;

};

#endif // EVENTFILTER_H

eventfilter.cpp

#include "eventfilter.h"

#include <QHBoxLayout>

#include <QVBoxLayout>

#include <QMouseEvent>

#include <QMatrix>

EventFilter::EventFilter(QWidget *parent)

    : QDialog(parent)

{

    setWindowTitle (tr("事件过滤"));

    label1 = new QLabel;

    Image1.load ("../image3/1.png");

    label1->setAlignment (Qt::AlignHCenter | Qt::AlignVCenter);

    label1->setPixmap (QPixmap::fromImage (Image1));

    label2 = new QLabel;

    Image2.load ("../image3/2.png");

    label2->setAlignment (Qt::AlignHCenter | Qt::AlignVCenter);

    label2->setPixmap (QPixmap::fromImage (Image2));

    label3 = new QLabel;

    Image3.load ("../image3/3.png");

    label3->setAlignment (Qt::AlignHCenter | Qt::AlignVCenter);

    label3->setPixmap (QPixmap::fromImage (Image3));

    stateLabel = new QLabel(tr("鼠标按下标志"));

    stateLabel->setAlignment (Qt::AlignHCenter);

    QHBoxLayout *HBoxLayout = new QHBoxLayout;

    HBoxLayout->addWidget (label1);

    HBoxLayout->addWidget (label2);

    HBoxLayout->addWidget (label3);

    QVBoxLayout *mainLayout = new QVBoxLayout(this);

    mainLayout->addLayout (HBoxLayout);

    mainLayout->addWidget (stateLabel);

    /*为每一个图片安装事件过滤器，指定窗体为监视事件的对象*/

    label1->installEventFilter (this);

    label2->installEventFilter (this);

    label3->installEventFilter (this);

}

EventFilter::~EventFilter()

{

}

/*

 * void QObject::installEventFilter

 * (

 *  QObject *filterObj

 * )

 * 参数filterObj是监视事件的对象，此对象可以通过eventFilter()函数接收事件。如果某个事件参数被过滤，即停止正常的

 * 事件响应，则在eventFilter()函数中返回true，否则返回false，QObject的removeEventFilter()可以解除已安装的

 * 事件过滤器。QObject的事件监视函数eventFilter()的具体实现代码

*/

bool EventFilter::eventFilter (QObject *watched, QEvent *event)

{

    //首先判断当前发生事件的对象

    if(watched == label1)

    {

        //判断发生的事件类型

        if(event->type () == QEvent::MouseButtonPress)

        {

            //将事件event转化为鼠标事件

            QMouseEvent *mouseEvent = (QMouseEvent*) event;

            if(mouseEvent->buttons () == Qt::LeftButton)

            {

                stateLabel->setText (tr("左键按下左图片"));

            }

            else if(mouseEvent->buttons () == Qt::MidButton)

            {

                stateLabel->setText (tr("中间按键按下左图片"));

            }

            else if(mouseEvent->buttons () == Qt::RightButton)

            {

                stateLabel->setText (tr("右键按下左图片"));

            }

            QMatrix matrix;

            matrix.scale (1.8, 1.8);

            QImage newImage = Image1.transformed (matrix);

            label1->setPixmap (QPixmap::fromImage (newImage));

        }

        /*鼠标释放的处理，恢复图片的大小*/

        if(event->type () == QEvent::MouseButtonRelease)

        {

            stateLabel->setText (tr("鼠标释放左图片"));

            label1->setPixmap (QPixmap::fromImage (Image1));

        }

    }

    else if(watched == label2)

    {

        if(event->type () == QEvent::MouseButtonPress)

        {

            QMouseEvent *mouseEvent = (QMouseEvent*)event;

            if(mouseEvent->buttons () == Qt::LeftButton)

            {

                stateLabel->setText (tr("左键按下中间图标"));

            }

            else if(mouseEvent->buttons () == Qt::MidButton)

            {

                stateLabel->setText (tr("中间按键按下中间图片"));

            }

            else if(mouseEvent->buttons () == Qt::RightButton)

            {

                stateLabel->setText (tr("右键按下中间图片"));

            }

            QMatrix matrix;

            matrix.scale (1.8, 1.8);

            QImage newImage = Image2.transformed (matrix);

            label2->setPixmap (QPixmap::fromImage (newImage));

        }

        if(event->type () == QEvent::MouseButtonRelease)

        {

            stateLabel->setText (tr("鼠标释放中间图标"));

            label2->setPixmap (QPixmap::fromImage (Image2));

        }

    }

    else if(watched == label3)

    {

        if(event->type () == QEvent::MouseButtonPress)

        {

            QMouseEvent *mouseEvent = (QMouseEvent*)event;

            if(mouseEvent->buttons () == Qt::LeftButton)

            {

                stateLabel->setText (tr("左键按下右边图片"));

            }

            else if(mouseEvent->buttons () == Qt::MidButton)

            {

                stateLabel->setText (tr("中间按键按下右边图片"));

            }

            else if(mouseEvent->buttons () == Qt::RightButton)

            {

                stateLabel->setText (tr("右边按键按下右图标"));

            }

            QMatrix matrix;

            matrix.scale (1.8, 1.8);

            QImage newImage = Image3.transformed (matrix);

            label3->setPixmap (QPixmap::fromImage (newImage));

        }

        if(event->type () == QEvent::MouseButtonRelease)

        {

            stateLabel->setText (tr("鼠标释放右边图片"));

            label3->setPixmap (QPixmap::fromImage (Image3));

        }

    }

}