HDU - 4135 Co-prime

题意：求[a,b]与n互质的个数

思路：容斥原理的运用，提取n的素因子，先算出不与n互素的个数，容斥原理奇加偶减

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#define ll long long 
using namespace std;
const int MAXN = 70;

ll prime[MAXN];
ll a,b,n;

ll make(ll x, int m){
	ll ans = 0;
	ll len = 1<<m;
	for (ll i = 1; i < len; i++){
		ll tmp = 1,flag = 0;
		for (ll j = 0; j < m; j++)
			if (i & (ll)(1<<j)){
				++flag;
				tmp *= prime[j];
			}
		if (flag & 1)
			ans += x/tmp;
		else ans -= x/tmp;
	}
	return ans;
}

int main(){
	int t,cas=1;
	scanf("%d",&t);
	while (t--){
		cin>>a>>b>>n;
		int m = 0;
		for (ll i = 2; i*i <= n; i++)
			if (n && (n%i) == 0){
				prime[m++] = i;
				while (n && (n%i) == 0)
					n /= i;
			}
		if (n > 1)
			prime[m++] = n;
		printf("Case #%d: ",cas++);
		cout << b-make(b,m)-(a-1-make(a-1,m)) << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}