题目: 请用C++、Java、C#或VB.NET任意一种面向对象语言实现一个计算器控制程序,要求输入两个数和运算符号,得到结果。
答案:
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.Write("请输入数字A:");
string A = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("请选择运算符号(+、-、*、/):");
string B = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("请输入数字B:");
string C = Console.ReadLine();
string D = "";
if (B == "+")
{
D = Convert.ToString(Convert.ToDouble(A) + Convert.ToDouble(C));
}
if (B == "-")
{
D = Convert.ToString(Convert.ToDouble(A) - Convert.ToDouble(C));
}
if (B == "*")
{
D = Convert.ToString(Convert.ToDouble(A) * Convert.ToDouble(C));
}
if (B == "/")
{
D = Convert.ToString(Convert.ToDouble(A) / Convert.ToDouble(C));
}
Console.WriteLine("结果是:" + D);
}
}
存在问题
- A、B、C、D的命名不规范
- 分支判断,这样写,意味着每个条件都要做判断,等于计算机做了三次无用功
- 除数为0怎么办?用户输入不是数字怎么办
答案2
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
try
{
Console.Write("请输入数字A:");
string strNumberA = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("请选择运算符号(+、-、*、/):");
string strOperate = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("请输入数字B:");
string strNumberB = Console.ReadLine();
string strResult = "";
switch (strOperate)
{
case "+":
strResult = Convert.ToString(Convert.ToDouble(strNumberA) + Convert.ToDouble(strNumberB));
break;
case "-":
strResult = Convert.ToString(Convert.ToDouble(strNumberA) - Convert.ToDouble(strNumberB));
break;
case "*":
strResult = Convert.ToString(Convert.ToDouble(strNumberA) * Convert.ToDouble(strNumberB));
break;
case "/":
if (strNumberB != "0")
{
strResult = Convert.ToString(Convert.ToDouble(strNumberA) / Convert.ToDouble(strNumberB));
}
else
{
strResult = "除数不能为0";
}
break;
}
Console.WriteLine("结果是:" + strResult);
Console.ReadLine();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine("您的输入有错:" + ex.Message);
}
}
}
**存在问题:**程序不易维护、不易扩展、不易复用
答案3: 封装业务逻辑,达到可维护或扩展
业务逻辑
public class Operation
{
public static double GetResult(double numberA, double numberB, string operate)
{
double result = 0d;
switch (operate)
{
case "+":
result = numberA + numberB;
break;
case "-":
result = numberA - numberB;
break;
case "*":
result = numberA * numberB;
break;
case "/":
result = numberA / numberB;
break;
}
return result;
}
}
客户端
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
try
{
Console.Write("请输入数字A:");
string strNumberA = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("请选择运算符号(+、-、*、/):");
string strOperate = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("请输入数字B:");
string strNumberB = Console.ReadLine();
string strResult = "";
strResult = Convert.ToString(Operation.GetResult(Convert.ToDouble(strNumberA), Convert.ToDouble(strNumberB), strOperate));
Console.WriteLine("结果是:" + strResult);
Console.ReadLine();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine("您的输入有错:" + ex.Message);
}
}
}
**存在问题:**程序可复用,但不易维护、不易扩展,例如想要增加开根运算怎么办呢?答案3的方法需要提供源码,重新编译,显然不符合题目要求。
答案4:继承、多态、简单工厂
/// <summary>
/// 运算类
/// </summary>
public class OperationBase
{
private double _numberA = 0;
private double _numberB = 0;
public double NumberA
{
get { return _numberA; }
set { _numberA = value; }
}
public double NumberB
{
get { return _numberB; }
set { _numberB = value; }
}
public virtual double GetResult()
{
double result = 0;
return result;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 加法类,继承运算类
/// </summary>
public class OperationAdd : OperationBase//继承
{
public override double GetResult()
{
double result = 0;
result = NumberA + NumberB;
return result;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 减法类,继承运算类
/// </summary>
public class OperationSub : OperationBase
{
public override double GetResult()
{
double result = 0;
result = NumberA - NumberB;
return result;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 乘法类,继承运算类
/// </summary>
public class OperationMul : OperationBase
{
public override double GetResult()
{
double result = 0;
result = NumberA * NumberB;
return result;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 除法类,继承运算类
/// </summary>
public class OperationDiv : OperationBase
{
public override double GetResult()
{
double result = 0;
if (NumberB == 0)
throw new Exception("除数不能为0");
result = NumberA / NumberB;
return result;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 简单运算工厂类
/// </summary>
public class OperationFactory
{
public static OperationBase createOperate(string operate)
{
OperationBase oper = null;
switch (operate)//多态
{
case "+":
oper = new OperationAdd();
break;
case "-":
oper = new OperationSub();
break;
case "*":
oper = new OperationMul();
break;
case "/":
oper = new OperationDiv();
break;
default:
break;
}
return oper;
}
}
客户端
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
try
{
Console.Write("请输入数字A:");
string strNumberA = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("请选择运算符号(+、-、*、/):");
string strOperate = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("请输入数字B:");
string strNumberB = Console.ReadLine();
OperationBase oper = OperationFactory.createOperate(strOperate);
oper.NumberA = Convert.ToDouble(strNumberA);
oper.NumberB = Convert.ToDouble(strNumberB);
double result = oper.GetResult();
Console.WriteLine("结果是:" + result);
Console.ReadLine();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine("您的输入有错:" + ex.Message);
}
}
}
总结:
- 需要更改加法运算时,只改加法类即可
- 需要增加其他算法,只要增加相应的运算子类,还需要修改运算工厂类,在switch中增加分支