首先介绍一下Java中equals通用约定,分别是:自反性、对称性、一致性、传递性。
检查自反性的通用方法:
将对象扔到List里,然后看List.contains()是否返回true。
首先来看一个违反对称性的例子:
public class CaseInsesitiveString {
private final String s;
public CaseInsesitiveString(String s) {
if(s == null){
throw new NullPointerException();
}
this.s = s;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if(obj instanceof CaseInsesitiveString){
return s.equalsIgnoreCase(((CaseInsesitiveString) obj).s);
}
if(obj instanceof String){
return s.equalsIgnoreCase((String) obj);
}
return false;
}
}
测试打印:
public class EqualTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CaseInsesitiveString str = new CaseInsesitiveString("Hello");
String s = "hello";
System.out.println(str.equals(s));
System.out.println(s.equals(str));
List<CaseInsesitiveString> list = new ArrayList<CaseInsesitiveString>();
list.add(str);
System.out.println(list.contains(s));
}
}
结果是:str.equals(s) 返回true,s.equals(str)返回false。显然违背了对称性。
原因是:String类中的equals并不知道大小写是否相等。
解决办法:
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
return obj instanceof CaseInsesitiveString
&& s.equalsIgnoreCase(((CaseInsesitiveString) obj).s);
}
再来看一个违反传递性的例子:
public class ColorPoint extends Point {
private final Color color;
public ColorPoint(int x, int y, Color color) {
super(x, y);
this.color = color;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if(!(obj instanceof Point))
return false;
if(!(obj instanceof ColorPoint))
return obj.equals(this);
return super.equals(obj) && ((ColorPoint) obj).color == color;
}
}
ColorPoint point = new ColorPoint(1,2,Color.BLUE);
Point p = new Point(1,2);
ColorPoint colorPoint = new ColorPoint(1,2, Color.RED);
System.out.println(point.equals(p));
System.out.println(p.equals(colorPoint));
System.out.println(point.equals(colorPoint));
结果是:前面两个返回true,后面一个返回false。显然违反了传递性。
解决办法:
public class ColorPointNew {
private final Point point;
private final Color color;
public ColorPointNew(int x, int y, Color color) {
if(color == null){
throw new NullPointerException();
}
this.color = color;
point = new Point(x,y);
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if(!(obj instanceof ColorPointNew))
return false;
ColorPointNew point = (ColorPointNew) obj;
return point.point.equals(point) &&
point.color == color;
}
public Point asPoint(){
return point;
}
}