Linux nginx 使用

简介

作用

1. 可直接支持Rails和PHP程序
2. 可作为HTTP反向代理服务器
3. 作为负载均衡服务器
4. 作为邮件代理服务器
5. 帮助实现前端动静分离

常用命令

• 启动

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

• 停止

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop   快速停止
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit   完整有序的停止

• 重启

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

• 重新打开日志文件

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reopen

• 测试nginx配置文件是否正确

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c /path/to/nginx.conf

代理配置

在nginx.conf中添加引入目录

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
……………………
include /root/lms/config/nginx/conf/*.conf;
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
……………………

编写代理文件

# vim /root/lms/config/nginx/conf/xxxx.conf
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  xxxxx;
        access_log  /root/lms/config/nginx/logs/xxxxx.access.log;
        root /root/lms/xxxxxx;
        location / {
           try_files $uri $uri/ @router;#需要指向下面的@router否则会出现vue的路由在nginx中刷新出现404
           index  index.html index.htm;
           #转发到tomcat等服务应用
           #proxy_redirect off;
           #proxy_set_header Host $host;
           #proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
           #proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
           #proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8090;
        }
        # 对应上面的@router，主要原因是路由的路径资源并不是一个真实的路径，所以无法找到具体的文件
        # 因此需要rewrite到index.html中，然后交给路由在处理请求资源
        location @router {
           rewrite ^.*$ /index.html last;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }

安装

# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.19.1.tar.gz
# tar -zxvf nginx-1.19.1.tar.gz
# cd nginx-1.19.1/
# ./configure && make && make install
# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

安装中出现的问题

现象描述

./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.

解决方案

1、yum -y install pcre-devel；若还出现，则继续

2、yum -y install openssl openssl-devel

现象描述

checking for OS

+ Linux 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64 x86_64

checking for C compiler ... not found

./configure: error: C compiler cc is not found

解决方案：

执行yum install gcc-c++安装gcc

现象描述

./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library.

 You can either disable the module by using --without-http_gzip_module

 option, or install the zlib library into the system, or build the zlib library

 statically from the source with nginx by using --with-zlib=<path> option.

解决方案

出现该提示，表示缺少zlib库和PCRE库。执行yum install pcre;yum install pcre-devel;yum install zlib;yum install zlib-devel;

现象描述

cp: 'conf/koi-win' and '/usr/local/nginx/conf/koi-win' are the same file，

解决方案

如果该提示，可能是你把安装包解压到了/usr/local/nginx目录，解决办法是将该目录重命名为其他名称后再执行make,make install.