sort-list

Sort a linked list in O(n log n) time using constant space complexity.
大致意思：用常数空间复杂度和O(nlogn)的时间复杂度对链表排序。

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考点：
1. 快慢指针；2. 归并排序。
此题经典，需要消化吸收。
复杂度分析:
T(n) 拆分 n/2, 归并 n/2 ，一共是n/2 + n/2 = n
/ \ 以下依此类推：
T(n/2) T(n/2) 一共是 n/2*2 = n
/ \ / \
T(n/4) ……….. 一共是 n/4*4 = n

一共有logn层，故复杂度是 O(nlogn)

关键代码：

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * class ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     ListNode next;
 *     ListNode(int x) {
 *         val = x;
 *         next = null;
 *     }
 * }
 */
public class Solution {
  public ListNode sortList(ListNode head) {
    if (head == null || head.next == null)
      return head;

    // step 1. cut the list to two halves
    ListNode prev = null, slow = head, fast = head;

    while (fast != null && fast.next != null) {
      prev = slow;
      slow = slow.next;
      fast = fast.next.next;
    }

    prev.next = null;

    // step 2. sort each half
    ListNode l1 = sortList(head);
    ListNode l2 = sortList(slow);

    // step 3. merge l1 and l2
    return merge(l1, l2);
  }

  ListNode merge(ListNode l1, ListNode l2) {
    ListNode l = new ListNode(0), p = l;

    while (l1 != null && l2 != null) {
      if (l1.val < l2.val) {
        p.next = l1;
        l1 = l1.next;
      } else {
        p.next = l2;
        l2 = l2.next;
      }
      p = p.next;
    }

    if (l1 != null)
      p.next = l1;

    if (l2 != null)
      p.next = l2;

    return l.next;
  }

}