hibernate注解初探

1.对项目引入注解所需的jar包，本例使用的是hibernate-annotations-3.4.0.，包括注解核心包以及注解必需的包（其它的hibernate所需的jar包已经引入项目，详见hibernate初探，使用的是hibernate-3.3.2）

2.在数据库新建测试表teacher（项目使用的是oracle数据库）

-- Create table
create table TEACHER
(
  id    NUMBER not null,
  name  VARCHAR2(20),
  title VARCHAR2(20)
)
tablespace USERS
  pctfree 10
  initrans 1
  maxtrans 255
  storage
  (
    initial 64
    minextents 1
    maxextents unlimited
  );
-- Create/Recreate primary, unique and foreign key constraints 
alter table TEACHER
  add constraint PPP primary key (ID)
  using index 
  tablespace USERS
  pctfree 10
  initrans 2
  maxtrans 255
  storage
  (
    initial 64K
    minextents 1
    maxextents unlimited
  );

3.新建实体类Teacher，并加入注解@Entity和@Id，分别位于类名上面和主键的get方法上面

package com.baosight.model;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;

/**
 * <p>Title: </p>
 * <p>Description:Student </p>
 * <p>Company: </p> 
 * @author yuan 
 * @date 2016-4-10 下午12:32:46*/
@Entity
public class Teacher {
	private int id;
	private String name;
	private String title;
	@Id
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String getTitle() {
		return title;
	}
	public void setTitle(String title) {
		this.title = title;
	}
	
}

4.修改hibernate配置文件，加入Teacher的配置信息，本例中为：<mapping class="com.baosight.model.Teacher"/>

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>

    <session-factory>

        <!-- Database connection settings -->
        <property name="connection.driver_class">oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</property>
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:orcl</property>
        <property name="connection.username">scott</property>
        <property name="connection.password">tiger</property>

        <!-- JDBC connection pool (use the built-in) -->
        <!-- <property name="connection.pool_size">1</property> -->

        <!-- SQL dialect -->
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle9Dialect</property>

        <!-- Enable Hibernate's automatic session context management -->
       <!--  <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property> -->

        <!-- Disable the second-level cache  -->
        <property name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider</property>

        <!-- Echo all executed SQL to stdout -->
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>

        <!-- Drop and re-create the database schema on startup -->
        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>

        <mapping resource="com/baosight/model/Student.hbm.xml"/>
		<mapping class="com.baosight.model.Teacher"/>
    </session-factory>

</hibernate-configuration>

5.新建测试类TestTeacher测试新增数据

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

import com.baosight.model.Student;
import com.baosight.model.Teacher;


/**
 * <p>Title: </p>
 * <p>Description:TestStu </p>
 * <p>Company: </p> 
 * @author yuan 
 * @date 2016-4-10 下午3:16:01*/
public class TestTecher {

	/** 
	 * @Title: main 
	 * @Description: TODO
	 * @param args 
	 * @return void  
	 * @throws 
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//教师测试类
		Teacher t = new Teacher();
		t.setId(1);
		t.setName("t1");
		t.setTitle("中级");
		
		//读取配置文件
		Configuration cfg = new AnnotationConfiguration();
		//得到session工厂
		SessionFactory sf = cfg.configure().buildSessionFactory();
		//得到session
		Session session = sf.openSession();
		//开启事务
		session.beginTransaction();
		//session执行save
		session.save(t);
		//事务提交
		session.getTransaction().commit();
		//关闭session
		session.close();
		//关闭session工厂
		sf.close();
	}

}

6.运行TestTeacher，查询数据库，记录成功添加

结果：1 1 t1 中级
综上所述，注解与常规的方法相比，代码要简洁许多，注解存在于实体类中，不需要再有实体类和对应数据库表的映射文件了，只需在hibernate配置文件中声明一下实体类的映射就行了，另外，注意使用注解读取hibernate配置文件时使用的是AnnotationConfiguration类，而不是普通的Configuration类。