hibernate的联合主键

最新推荐文章于 2021-03-02 15:37:27 发布

faraway2004

最新推荐文章于 2021-03-02 15:37:27 发布

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分类专栏： hibernate java 文章标签： hibernate annotation ID 联合主键

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u011526599/article/details/51164925

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不管是xml方式还是annotation方式的联合主键都需要使用到一个额外的主键生成类，这个类必须是序列化的，即需要implements Serializable，另外，需要重写equals和hashCode方法，以保证数据正常传输和主键的唯一性。

1.新建主键生成类StudentPK

package com.baosight.model;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * <p>Title:StudentPK </p>
 * <p>Description:TODO </p>
 * <p>Company: </p> 
 * @author yuan 
 * @date 2016-4-15 下午8:08:16*/
public class StudentPK implements Serializable{
private String id;
private String name;
public String getId() {
	return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
	this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
	return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
	this.name = name;
}
	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if(obj instanceof StudentPK){
			StudentPK pk = (StudentPK)obj;
			if(this.id.equals(pk.getId())&&this.name.equals(pk.getName())){
				return true;
			}
		}
		return false;
	}
		@Override
		public int hashCode() {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			return this.id.hashCode();
		}
}

2.使用xml方式的联合主键

在Student中引用StudentPK

package com.baosight.model;

/**
 * <p>Title: </p>
 * <p>Description:Student </p>
 * <p>Company: </p> 
 * @author yuan 
 * @date 2016-4-10 下午12:32:46*/
public class Student {
//	private String id;
//	private String name;
	private StudentPK pk;
	private int age;
//	public String getId() {
//		return id;
//	}
//	public void setId(String id) {
//		this.id = id;
//	}
//	public String getName() {
//		return name;
//	}
//	public void setName(String name) {
//		this.name = name;
//	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	public StudentPK getPk() {
		return pk;
	}
	public void setPk(StudentPK pk) {
		this.pk = pk;
	}
	
}

3.配置Student.hbm.xml，需要使用composite-id来定义联合主键

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping package="com.baosight.model">
<class name="Student">
<!-- <id name="id" >
<generator class="uuid"></generator>
</id> -->
<composite-id name="pk" class="StudentPK">
<key-property name="id"></key-property>
<key-property name="name"></key-property>
</composite-id>
<!-- <property name="name"></property> -->
<property name="age"></property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

其中，用name指明Student中联合主键的名称，用class指明主键生成类，使用 key-property指明主键生成类中作为联合主键的属性

4.使用HibernateIDTest进行JUnit测试

package com.baosight.model;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * <p>Title:HibernateIDTest </p>
 * <p>Description:TODO </p>
 * <p>Company: </p> 
 * @author yuan 
 * @date 2016-4-14 下午9:11:00*/
public class HibernateIDTest {

	private static SessionFactory sf = null;
	@BeforeClass
	public static void beforeClass(){
		// 读取配置文件
		Configuration cfg = new AnnotationConfiguration();
		// 得到session工厂
		sf = cfg.configure().buildSessionFactory();
	}
	@Test
	public void testStudent() {
		// 学生测试类
		Student s = new Student();
		StudentPK pk = new StudentPK();
		pk.setId("1");
		pk.setName("zhangsan");
		s.setPk(pk);
//		s.setName("s1");
		s.setAge(20);

		// 得到session
		Session session = sf.openSession();
		// 开启事务
		session.beginTransaction();
		// session执行save
		session.save(s);
		// 事务提交
		session.getTransaction().commit();
		// 关闭session
		session.close();
	}
	@Test
	public void testTeacher() {
		// 教师测试类
		Teacher t = new Teacher();
//		TeacherPK pk = new TeacherPK();
//		pk.setId("1");
//		pk.setName("t1");
//		t.setPk(pk);
		t.setId("1");
		t.setName("t1");
		t.setTitle("中级");


		// 得到session
		Session session = sf.openSession();
		// 开启事务
		session.beginTransaction();
		// session执行save
		session.save(t);
		// 事务提交
		session.getTransaction().commit();
		// 关闭session
		session.close();
	}
	@AfterClass
	public static void afterClass(){
		// 关闭session工厂
		sf.close();
	}

}

测试系果为：

上述异常是因为没有将主键生成类进行序列化导致的

上面虽然运行了，但是有警告，是提醒要将主键生成类的equals和hashCode方法进行重写

5.hibernate的annotation形式的联合主键

先看下API文档

2.2.6. 映射复合主键与外键

组合主键使用一个可嵌入的类作为主键表示,因此你需要使用@Id 和@Embeddable两个注解. 还有一种方式是使用@EmbeddedId注解.注意所依赖的类必须实现 serializable以及实现equals()/hashCode()方法. 你也可以如Mapping identifier properties一章中描述的办法使用@IdClass注解.

@Entity
public class RegionalArticle implements Serializable {

    @Id
    public RegionalArticlePk getPk() { ... }
}

@Embeddable
public class RegionalArticlePk implements Serializable { ... }

或者

@Entity
public class RegionalArticle implements Serializable {

    @EmbeddedId
    public RegionalArticlePk getPk() { ... }
}

public class RegionalArticlePk implements Serializable { ... }

Mapping identifier properties 一章中描述如下：

下面是定义组合主键的几种语法:

将组件类注解为@Embeddable,并将组件的属性注解为@Id
将组件的属性注解为@EmbeddedId
将类注解为@IdClass,并将该实体中所有属于主键的属性都注解为@Id

对于EJB2的开发人员来说 @IdClass是很常见的, 但是对于Hibernate的用户来说就是一个崭新的用法. 组合主键类对应了一个实体类中的多个字段或属性, 而且主键类中用于定义主键的字段或属性和实体类中对应的字段或属性在类型上必须一致.下面我们看一个例子:

@Entity
@IdClass(FootballerPk.class)
public class Footballer {
    //part of the id key
    @Id public String getFirstname() {
        return firstname;
    }

    public void setFirstname(String firstname) {
        this.firstname = firstname;
    }

    //part of the id key
    @Id public String getLastname() {
        return lastname;
    }

    public void setLastname(String lastname) {
        this.lastname = lastname;
    }

    public String getClub() {
        return club;
    }

    public void setClub(String club) {
        this.club = club;
    }

    //appropriate equals() and hashCode() implementation
}

@Embeddable
public class FootballerPk implements Serializable {
    //same name and type as in Footballer
    public String getFirstname() {
        return firstname;
    }

    public void setFirstname(String firstname) {
        this.firstname = firstname;
    }

    //same name and type as in Footballer
    public String getLastname() {
        return lastname;
    }

    public void setLastname(String lastname) {
        this.lastname = lastname;
    }

    //appropriate equals() and hashCode() implementation
}

如上, @IdClass指向对应的主键类.

综上所述共有3中方式：

一是使用@Embeddable@Id

二是使用@EmbeddedId

三是使用@IdClass@Id

6.使用@Embeddable@Id，即将组件类注解为@Embeddable,并将组件的属性注解为@Id

新建主键生成类TeacherPK

package com.baosight.model;

import java.io.Serializable;

import javax.persistence.Embeddable;

/**
 * 联合主键类
* <p>Title:TeacherPK </p>
* <p>Description:TODO </p>
* <p>Company: </p> 
* @author yuan 
* @date 2016-4-15 下午9:01:00
 */
@Embeddable
public class TeacherPK implements Serializable{
private String id;
private String name;
public String getId() {
	return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
	this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
	return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
	this.name = name;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
	// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	if(obj instanceof StudentPK){
		StudentPK pk = (StudentPK)obj;
		if(this.id.equals(pk.getId())&&this.name.equals(pk.getName())){
			return true;
		}
	}
	return false;
}
	@Override
	public int hashCode() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return this.id.hashCode();
	}	
}

在Teacher中引用TeacherPK

package com.baosight.model;

import javax.persistence.EmbeddedId;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.IdClass;
import javax.persistence.SequenceGenerator;
import javax.persistence.TableGenerator;

/**
 * <p>Title: </p>
 * <p>Description:Teacher </p>
 * <p>Company: </p> 
 * @author yuan 
 * @date 2016-4-10 下午12:32:46*/
@Entity
@TableGenerator(name="tableGEN",table="table_gen",pkColumnName="pk_key",valueColumnName="pk_value",pkColumnValue="teacher",allocationSize=1)
@SequenceGenerator(name="teacherSEQ",sequenceName="teacherSEQ_DB")
@IdClass(value=TeacherPK.class)
public class Teacher {
//	private String id;
//	private String name;
	private String title;
	private TeacherPK pk;
//	@Id
//	@GeneratedValue//auto
//	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.TABLE,generator="tableGEN")
//	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.SEQUENCE,generator="teacherSEQ")
	/*public String getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(String id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	@Id
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}*/
	public String getTitle() {
		return title;
	}
	public void setTitle(String title) {
		this.title = title;
	}
//	@EmbeddedId
	@Id
	public TeacherPK getPk() {
		return pk;
	}
	public void setPk(TeacherPK pk) {
		this.pk = pk;
	}
	
}

使用JUnit进行单元测试

package com.baosight.model;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * <p>Title:HibernateIDTest </p>
 * <p>Description:TODO </p>
 * <p>Company: </p> 
 * @author yuan 
 * @date 2016-4-14 下午9:11:00*/
public class HibernateIDTest {

	private static SessionFactory sf = null;
	@BeforeClass
	public static void beforeClass(){
		// 读取配置文件
		Configuration cfg = new AnnotationConfiguration();
		// 得到session工厂
		sf = cfg.configure().buildSessionFactory();
	}
	@Test
	public void testStudent() {
		// 学生测试类
		Student s = new Student();
		StudentPK pk = new StudentPK();
		pk.setId("1");
		pk.setName("zhangsan");
		s.setPk(pk);
//		s.setName("s1");
		s.setAge(20);

		// 得到session
		Session session = sf.openSession();
		// 开启事务
		session.beginTransaction();
		// session执行save
		session.save(s);
		// 事务提交
		session.getTransaction().commit();
		// 关闭session
		session.close();
	}
	@Test
	public void testTeacher() {
		// 教师测试类
		Teacher t = new Teacher();
		TeacherPK pk = new TeacherPK();
		pk.setId("1");
		pk.setName("t1");
		t.setPk(pk);
//		t.setId("1");
//		t.setName("t1");
		t.setTitle("中级");


		// 得到session
		Session session = sf.openSession();
		// 开启事务
		session.beginTransaction();
		// session执行save
		session.save(t);
		// 事务提交
		session.getTransaction().commit();
		// 关闭session
		session.close();
	}
	@AfterClass
	public static void afterClass(){
		// 关闭session工厂
		sf.close();
	}

}

测试结果为：

7.使用@EmbeddedId，即将组件的属性注解为@EmbeddedId

TeacherPK类不需要使用注解

Teacher类如下：

package com.baosight.model;

import javax.persistence.EmbeddedId;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.IdClass;
import javax.persistence.SequenceGenerator;
import javax.persistence.TableGenerator;

/**
 * <p>Title: </p>
 * <p>Description:Teacher </p>
 * <p>Company: </p> 
 * @author yuan 
 * @date 2016-4-10 下午12:32:46*/
@Entity
@TableGenerator(name="tableGEN",table="table_gen",pkColumnName="pk_key",valueColumnName="pk_value",pkColumnValue="teacher",allocationSize=1)
@SequenceGenerator(name="teacherSEQ",sequenceName="teacherSEQ_DB")
@IdClass(value=TeacherPK.class)
public class Teacher {
//	private String id;
//	private String name;
	private String title;
	private TeacherPK pk;
//	@Id
//	@GeneratedValue//auto
//	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.TABLE,generator="tableGEN")
//	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.SEQUENCE,generator="teacherSEQ")
	/*public String getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(String id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	@Id
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}*/
	public String getTitle() {
		return title;
	}
	public void setTitle(String title) {
		this.title = title;
	}
	@EmbeddedId
//	@Id
	public TeacherPK getPk() {
		return pk;
	}
	public void setPk(TeacherPK pk) {
		this.pk = pk;
	}
	
}

运行结果：

8.使用@IdClass和@Id，即将类注解为@IdClass,并将该实体中所有属于主键的属性都注解为@Id

注意此时Teacher使用自己的属性注解为@Id，使用@IdClass指明主键生成类

Teacher如下：

package com.baosight.model;

import javax.persistence.EmbeddedId;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.IdClass;
import javax.persistence.SequenceGenerator;
import javax.persistence.TableGenerator;

/**
 * <p>Title: </p>
 * <p>Description:Teacher </p>
 * <p>Company: </p> 
 * @author yuan 
 * @date 2016-4-10 下午12:32:46*/
@Entity
@TableGenerator(name="tableGEN",table="table_gen",pkColumnName="pk_key",valueColumnName="pk_value",pkColumnValue="teacher",allocationSize=1)
@SequenceGenerator(name="teacherSEQ",sequenceName="teacherSEQ_DB")
@IdClass(value=TeacherPK.class)
public class Teacher {
    private String id;
    private String name;
    private String title;
//    private TeacherPK pk;
    @Id
//    @GeneratedValue//auto
    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.TABLE,generator="tableGEN")
//    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.SEQUENCE,generator="teacherSEQ")
    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    @Id
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }
    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }
/*//    @EmbeddedId
    public TeacherPK getPk() {
        return pk;
    }
    public void setPk(TeacherPK pk) {
        this.pk = pk;
    }*/

}

JUnit测试类如下：

package com.baosight.model;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * <p>Title:HibernateIDTest </p>
 * <p>Description:TODO </p>
 * <p>Company: </p> 
 * @author yuan 
 * @date 2016-4-14 下午9:11:00*/
public class HibernateIDTest {

    private static SessionFactory sf = null;
    @BeforeClass
    public static void beforeClass(){
        // 读取配置文件
        Configuration cfg = new AnnotationConfiguration();
        // 得到session工厂
        sf = cfg.configure().buildSessionFactory();
    }
    @Test
    public void testStudent() {
        // 学生测试类
        Student s = new Student();
        StudentPK pk = new StudentPK();
        pk.setId("1");
        pk.setName("zhangsan");
        s.setPk(pk);
//        s.setName("s1");
        s.setAge(20);

        // 得到session
        Session session = sf.openSession();
        // 开启事务
        session.beginTransaction();
        // session执行save
        session.save(s);
        // 事务提交
        session.getTransaction().commit();
        // 关闭session
        session.close();
    }
    @Test
    public void testTeacher() {
        // 教师测试类
        Teacher t = new Teacher();
//        TeacherPK pk = new TeacherPK();
//        pk.setId("1");
//        pk.setName("t1");
//        t.setPk(pk);
        t.setId("1");
        t.setName("t1");
        t.setTitle("中级");


        // 得到session
        Session session = sf.openSession();
        // 开启事务
        session.beginTransaction();
        // session执行save
        session.save(t);
        // 事务提交
        session.getTransaction().commit();
        // 关闭session
        session.close();
    }
    @AfterClass
    public static void afterClass(){
        // 关闭session工厂
        sf.close();
    }

}

运行结果：