验证框架的配置及validation.xml常用的验证规则(Struts2的输入验证详解)

5.很多验证标签的type已经改了,对应的param里面的name属性也改了-----针对最新版的struts。建议详细阅读struts的validation.html,在docs/docs下,比如regex对应的param的name 已经改为“regex”而不是expression了。具体的请看下面的内容。

另外,插入一个图片说明struts2的验证工作顺序:

一,转载内容

原文:http://www.blogjava.net/focusJ/archive/2010/11/15/367272.html

validation.xml 的命名规则和放置路径:

文件名:<ActionClassName>-validation.xml

例如:UserAction-validation.xml

<ActionClassName>就是要验证的Action类的名字。要将此文件放于Class文件相同的目录。

如果在Action类在struts配置中有多个action实例(actionName),那么对应某个action的验证文件名规则如下:

文件名:<ActionClassName>-<actionName>-validation.xml

例如:UserAction-login-validation.xml

(注意:上面的<aliasName>并不是method name,而是struts.xml中配置的action的name)


validation.xml 的内容示例:
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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
  2. <!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator 1.0.2//EN"  
  3. "http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-1.0.2.dtd">  
  4. <validators>  
  5.       <field name="username">  
  6.             <field-validator type="requiredstring"><!-- 必填字符串校验器 -->  
  7.                   <param name="trim">true</param>  
  8.                   <message>请填写用户名</message>  
  9. <pre name="code" class="plain">            </field-validator>  
  10.   
  11.             <field-validator type="stringlength">   
  12.                   <param name="minLength">4</param>  
  13.                   <param name="maxLength">32</param>   
  14.                   <message>用户名长度应在4到32个字符间</message>   
  15.             </field-validator>  
  16.       </field>  
  17.       <field name="password">  
  18.             <field-validator type="requiredstring"><!-- 必填字符串校验器 -->  
  19.                   <message>请填写密码</message>  
  20.             </field-validator>  
  21.   
  22.             <field-validator type="stringlength"> <!-- 字符串长度校验器 -->  
  23.                   <param name="minLength">6</param>  
  24.                   <param name="maxLength">32</param>   
  25.                   <message>为了您账号的安全,请设置6个字母以上的密码(最长可设置32个字母)</message>   
  26.             </field-validator>  
  27.       </field>  
  28. </validators>  

其实message的信息还有可以配置国际化:

配置方法也极其简单就是<message key="userpass.required"></message>,key对应的是国际化配置文件中的国际化信息。

Struts2 的验证规则大概有以下数种:
required:必填校验器
requiredstring:必填字符串校验器
int:整数校验器
double:双精度浮点数校验器
date:日期校验器
expression:表达式校验器
fieldexpression:字段表达式校验器
email:电子邮件校验器
url:网址校验器
visitor:Visitor校验器
conversion:转换校验器
stringlength:字符串长度校验器
regex:正则表达式校验器


常用的验证规则:

1。必填检验
<validators>
<field name="username">
<field-validator type="required">
<message>指定检验失败的提示信息</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
</validators>


2。必填字符串检验
<validators>
<field name="username">
<field-validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message>指定检验失败的提示信息</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
</validators>


3。整数检验器/浮点检验
<validators>
<field name="age">
<field-validator type="int">
<param name="min">1</param>
<param name="max">150</param>
<message>年纪必须在1到150之间</message>
</field-validator>
</field>

</validators>

4。日期检验
<validators>
<field name="birth">
<field-validator type="date">
<param name="min">1900-01-01</param>
<param name="max">2050-02-21</param>
<message key="birth.range"/>
</field-validator>
</field>
</validators>


5.字段表达式检验器(要求指定字段满足一个逻辑表达式)
<validators>
<field name="re_pass">
<field-validator type="fieldexpression">
<!--指定逻辑表达式 -->
<param name="expression"> (pass eq re_pass)</param>
<message>密码必须和确认密码相等</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
</validators>


6.邮件地址校验
<validators>
<field name="email">
<field-validator type="email">
<message>你的电子邮件地址必须是一个有效的电邮地址</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
</validators>
7。网址 检验
<validators>
<field name="url">
<field-validator type="url">
<message>你的主页地址必须是一个有效的网址</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
</validators>


8.字符串长度检验
<validators>
<field name="user">
<field-validator type="stringlength">
<param name="minlength">4</param>
<param name="maxlength">20</param>
<message>你的用户名长度必须在4到20之间</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
</validators>


9.正则表达式检验
<validators>
<field name="user">
<field-validator type="regex">
<param name=" regex "><![CDATA[(\w{4,25})]]></param>
<message>您输入的用户名只能是字母和数组,且长度必须在4到25之间</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
</validators

接下来我举一个简单的登录验证的例子:
login.jsp
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  1. <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>  
  2. <%@ taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s"%>  
  3. <%  
  4.     String path = request.getContextPath();  
  5.     String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"  
  6.             + request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()  
  7.             + path + "/";  
  8. %>  
  9. <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">  
  10. <html>  
  11.     <head>  
  12.         <base href="<%=basePath%>">  
  13.         <title>My JSP 'fail.jsp' starting page</title>  
  14.         <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">  
  15.         <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">  
  16.         <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">  
  17.         <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">  
  18.         <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">  
  19.     </head>  
  20.     <body>  
  21.         <s:form action="user/login.action" validate="true">  
  22.             <table  
  23.                 style="border-style: solid; border-color: lightblue; position: absolute; top: 30px">  
  24.                 <tbody>  
  25.                     <tr>  
  26.                         <td>  
  27.                             <div  
  28.                                 style="margin-center: 32px; border-style: solid; border-color: lightblue; border-width: 2px;">  
  29.                                 <a>用户名:</a>  
  30.                                 <input id="username" name="user.name" type="text" />  
  31.                             </div>  
  32.                         </td>  
  33.                     </tr>  
  34.                     <tr>  
  35.                         <td>  
  36.                             <div  
  37.                                 style="margin-center: 32px; border-style: solid; border-color: lightblue; border-width: 2px">  
  38.                                 <a>密  码:</a>  
  39.                                 <input id="password" name="user.password" type="password" />  
  40.                             </div>  
  41.                         </td>  
  42.                     </tr>  
  43.                     <!-- 弹出出错信息 -->  
  44.                     <tr>  
  45.                         <td>  
  46.                             <div id="msg"><s:fielderror/></div>  
  47.                         </td>  
  48.                     </tr>  
  49.                     <tr>  
  50.                         <td>  
  51.                             <div>  
  52.                                 <span><input id="submit" type="submit" value="登录" />  
  53.                                 </span>  
  54.                             </div>  
  55.                         </td>  
  56.                     </tr>  
  57.                 </tbody>  
  58.             </table>  
  59.         </s:form>  
  60.     </body>  
  61. </html>  

这里有个地方需要注意:form中要加入validate=“true”这个属性。


***Action-validation.xml

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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>  
  2. <!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC   
  3.           "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator 1.0//EN"   
  4.           "http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-1.0.2.dtd" >            
  5. <validators >  
  6.     <field name ="user.name" >  
  7.         <field-validator type ="requiredstring">  
  8.             <message key="username.required"></message>  
  9.         </field-validator>  
  10.     </field>  
  11.     <field name ="user.password" >  
  12.         <field-validator type ="requiredstring">  
  13.             <message key="userpass.required"></message>  
  14.         </field-validator>  
  15.     </field>  
  16. </validators>   
这种方式就使用了国际化的信息。

***Action.action这个挺简单的就是常规的action写法,在execute中验证表单,或自己封装方法验证表单,但是不能继承validate()方法,因为action执行的时候实现检察validate方法的,如果这样的话就配置重复了,不过有什么结果我没有测试(没啥意义)。

struts.xml配置

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  1. <constant name="struts.custom.i18n.resources" value="globalMessages"></constant>  
  2.     <include file="defaule.xml" />  
  3.     <!-- 有关用户的操作  -->  
  4.     <package name="user" extends="struts-default" namespace="/user">  
  5.         <action name="login" class="bbs.action.UserAction">  
  6.             <result name="success">/system/list.action</result>  
  7.             <result name="input">/login.jsp</result>  
  8.         </action>  
  9.     </package>  
有一点有必要提一下,action中必须配置input这个result,因为如果验证失败后struts2会自动转向到input的result,不管你的action中配置的验证失败的result是什么。所以这个input属性的result不能落下。

二,自己总结

1.struts2的输入校验主要包括以下的类型,他们的名字及对应的类如下所示。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC
        "-//Apache Struts//XWork Validator Definition 1.0//EN"
        "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/xwork-validator-definition-1.0.dtd">
 
<validators>
    <validator name="required" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.RequiredFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="requiredstring" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.RequiredStringValidator"/>
    <validator name="int" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.IntRangeFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="long" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.LongRangeFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="short" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ShortRangeFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="double" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.DoubleRangeFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="date" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.DateRangeFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="expression" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ExpressionValidator"/>
    <validator name="fieldexpression" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.FieldExpressionValidator"/>
    <validator name="email" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.EmailValidator"/>
    <validator name="url" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.URLValidator"/>
    <validator name="visitor" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.VisitorFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="conversion" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ConversionErrorFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="stringlength" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.StringLengthFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="regex" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.RegexFieldValidator"/>
    <validator name="conditionalvisitor" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators.ConditionalVisitorFieldValidator"/>
</validators>


2.校验文件可以使用国际化提示信息,只需要在对应的.properties文件中添加好键值对,然后在验证文件中使用即可。比如,提示信息message标签,可以这么写<message key="name.regex"/>,其中name.regex为国际化信息文件中的内容。

 

3.校验器可以有两种风格,上面转载的是字段(field)校验器风格,还有非字段校验器风格,如下所示(当然,最外层也是<validators>标签

<validator type="expression> 
    <param name="expression">foo gt bar</param> 
    <message>foo must be great than bar.</message> 
</validator> 
<validator type="required"> 
    <param name="fieldName">bar</param> 
    <message>You must enter a value for bar.</message> 
</validator> 
<validator type="校验器名"> 
    <param name="fieldName">需要被校验的字段</param> 
    <!-- 可以有0个或多个 -->
    <param name="参数名">参数值</param> 
    <message>You must enter a value for bar.</message> 
</validator>


4.短路校验器:默认都是短路的,如果没有短路,在validator标签(非字段风格)或者field-validator标签(字段风格)增加属性short-circuit="true"即可

 

5.很多验证标签的type已经改了,对应的param里面的name属性也改了-----针对最新版的struts。建议详细阅读struts的validation.html,在docs/docs下。

 

6.最新的内建校验器:

(1)conversion校验器

<validators>
  ...
  <field name="myIntegerField">
     <field-validator type="conversion">
        <param name="repopulateField">true</param>
        <message>Conversion Error (Integer Wanted)</message>
     </field-validator>
  </field>
  ...
</validators>


<pre>
    <!-- Plain Validator Syntax -->
    <validator type="conversion">
            <param name="fieldName">myField</param>
         <message>Conversion Error Occurred</message>
    </validator>
      
    <!-- Field Validator Syntax -->
    <field name="myField">
       <field-validator type="conversion">
          <message>Conversion Error Occurred</message>
       </field-validator>
    </field>
</pre>

(2)date 校验器

<validators>
    <!-- Plain Validator syntax -->
    <validator type="date">
        <param name="fieldName">birthday</param>
        <param name="min">01/01/1990</param>
        <param name="max">01/01/2000</param>
        <message>Birthday must be within ${min} and ${max}</message>
    </validator>
 
    <!-- Field Validator Syntax -->
    <field name="birthday">
        <field-validator type="date">
           <param name="min">01/01/1990</param>
            <param name="max">01/01/2000</param>
            <message>Birthday must be within ${min} and ${max}</message>
           </field>
    </field>
 
    <!-- Field Validator Syntax with expression -->
    <field name="birthday">
        <field-validator type="date">
            <param name="minExpression">${minValue}</param> <!-- will be evaluated as: Date getMinValue() -->
            <param name="maxExpression">${maxValue}</param> <!-- will be evaluated as: Date getMaxValue() -->
            <message>Age needs to be between ${min} and ${max}</message>
        </field-validator>
    </field>
</validators>


(3)double 验证器

<validators>
    <!-- Plain Validator Syntax -->
        <validator type="double">
        <param name="fieldName">percentage</param>
        <param name="minInclusive">20.1</param>
        <param name="maxInclusive">50.1</param>
        <message>Age needs to be between ${minInclusive} and ${maxInclusive} (inclusive)</message>
    </validator>
 
    <!-- Field Validator Syntax -->
    <field name="percentage">
        <field-validator type="double">
            <param name="minExclusive">0.123</param>
            <param name="maxExclusive">99.98</param>
            <message>Percentage needs to be between ${minExclusive} and ${maxExclusive} (exclusive)</message>
        </field-validator>
    </field>
 
    <!-- Field Validator Syntax with expression -->
    <field name="percentage">
        <field-validator type="double">
            <param name="minExclusiveExpression">${minExclusiveValue}</param> <!-- will be evaluated as: Double getMinExclusiveValue() -->
            <param name="maxExclusiveExpression">${maxExclusiveValue}</param> <!-- will be evaluated as: Double getMaxExclusiveValue() -->
            <message>Percentage needs to be between ${minExclusive} and ${maxExclusive} (exclusive)</message>
        </field-validator>
    </field>
</validators>


(4)email验证器

<!-- Plain Validator Syntax -->
<validators>
    <validator type="email">
        <param name="fieldName">myEmail</param>
        <message>Must provide a valid email</message>
    </validator>
</validators>
 
<!-- Field Validator Syntax -->
<field name="myEmail">
   <field-validator type="email">
      <message>Must provide a valid email</message>
   </field-validator>
</field>
 
<!-- Field Validator Syntax with expressions -->
<!-- Only available when used with xml based configuration, if you want to have the same
        flexibility with annotations use @RegexFieldValidator instead -->
<field name="myEmail">
   <field-validator type="email">
      <param name="regexExpression">${emailPattern}</param> <!-- will be evaluated as: String getEmailPattern() -->
      <param name="caseSensitiveExpression">${emailCaseSensitive}</param> <!-- will be evaluated as: boolean getEmailCaseSensitive() -->
      <param name="trimExpression">${trimEmail}</param> <!-- will be evaluated as: boolean getTrimEmail() -->
      <message>Must provide a valid email</message>
   </field-validator>
</field>


(5)expression验证器

<validators>
      <validator type="expression">
         <param name="expression"> .... </param>
         <message>Failed to meet Ognl Expression  .... </message>
      </validator>
</validators>



(6)fieldexpression 验证器

<!-- Plain Validator Syntax -->
<validators>
    <!-- Plain Validator Syntax -->
    <validator type="fieldexpression">
       <param name="fieldName">myField</param>
       <param name="expression"><![CDATA[#myCreditLimit > #myGirfriendCreditLimit]]></param>
       <message>My credit limit should be MORE than my girlfriend</message>
    <validator>
     
    <!-- Field Validator Syntax -->
    <field name="myField">
        <field-validator type="fieldexpression">
            <param name="expression"><![CDATA[#myCreditLimit > #myGirfriendCreditLimit]]></param>
            <message>My credit limit should be MORE than my girlfriend</message>
        </field-validator>
    </field>
     
</vaidators>




(7)int 验证器

<validators>
     <!-- Plain Validator Syntax -->
     <validator type="int">
         <param name="fieldName">age</param>
         <param name="min">20</param>
         <param name="max">50</param>
         <message>Age needs to be between ${min} and ${max}</message>
     </validator>
 
     <!-- Field Validator Syntax -->
     <field name="age">
         <field-validator type="int">
             <param name="min">20</param>
             <param name="max">50</param>
             <message>Age needs to be between ${min} and ${max}</message>
         </field-validator>
     </field>
 
     <!-- Field Validator Syntax with expression -->
     <field name="age">
         <field-validator type="int">
             <param name="minExpression">${minValue}</param> <!-- will be evaluated as: Integer getMinValue() -->
             <param name="maxExpression">${maxValue}</param> <!-- will be evaluated as: Integer getMaxValue() -->
             <message>Age needs to be between ${min} and ${max}</message>
         </field-validator>
     </field>
</validators>

(8)regex验证器


<validators>
    <!-- Plain Validator Syntax -->
    <validator type="regex">
        <param name="fieldName">myStrangePostcode</param>
        <param name="regex"><![CDATA[([aAbBcCdD][123][eEfFgG][456])]]></param>
    </validator>
 
    <!-- Field Validator Syntax -->
    <field name="myStrangePostcode">
        <field-validator type="regex">
            <param name="regex"><![CDATA[([aAbBcCdD][123][eEfFgG][456])]]></param>
        </field-validator>
    </field>
 
    <!-- Field Validator Syntax with expressions -->
    <field name="myStrangePostcode">
        <field-validator type="regex">
            <param name="regexExpression">${regexValue}</param> <!-- will be evaluated as: String getRegexValue() -->
            <param name="caseSensitiveExpression">${caseSensitiveValue}</param> <!-- will be evaluated as: boolean getCaseSensitiveValue() -->
            <param name="trimExpression">${trimValue}</param> <!-- will be evaluated as: boolean getTrimValue() -->
        </field-validator>
    </field>
</validators>


(9)required验证器


<validators>
 
   <!-- Plain Validator Syntax -->
   <validator type="required">
       <param name="fieldName">username</param>
       <message>username must not be null</message>
   </validator>
 
 
   <!-- Field Validator Syntax -->
   <field name="username">
       <field-validator type="required">
               <message>username must notbe null</message>
       </field-validator>
   </field>
 
</validators>



(10)requiredstring 验证器


<validators>
    <!-- Plain-Validator Syntax -->
    <validator type="requiredstring">
        <param name="fieldName">username</param>
        <param name="trim">true</param>
        <message>username is required</message>
    </validator>
     
    <!-- Field-Validator Syntax -->
    <field name="username">
          <field-validator type="requiredstring">
            <param name="trim">true</param>
            <message>username is required</message>
       </field-validator>
    </field>
 
    <!-- Field-Validator Syntax with expression -->
    <field name="username">
          <field-validator type="requiredstring">
            <param name="trimExpression">${trimValue}</param> <!-- will be evaluated as: boolean getTrimValue() -->
            <message>username is required</message>
       </field-validator>
    </field>
</validators>


(11)short验证器


<validators>
    <!-- Plain Validator Syntax -->
    <validator type="short">
        <param name="fieldName">age</param>
        <param name="min">20</param>
        <param name="max">50</param>
        <message>Age needs to be between ${min} and ${max}</message>
    </validator>
 
    <!-- Field Validator Syntax -->
    <field name="age">
        <field-validator type="short">
            <param name="min">20</param>
            <param name="max">50</param>
            <message>Age needs to be between ${min} and ${max}</message>
        </field-validator>
    </field>
 
    <!-- Field Validator Syntax with expression -->
    <field name="age">
        <field-validator type="short">
            <param name="minExpression">${minValue}</param> <!-- will be evaluated as: Short getMinValue() -->
            <param name="maxExpression">${maxValue}</param> <!-- will be evaluated as: Short getMaxValue() -->
            <message>Age needs to be between ${min} and ${max}</message>
        </field-validator>
    </field>
</validators>



(12)stringlength 验证器


<validators>
    <!-- Plain Validator Syntax -->
    <validator type="stringlength">
        <param name="fieldName">myPurchaseCode</param>
        <param name="minLength">10</param>
        <param name="maxLength">10</param>
        <param name="trim">true</param>
        <message>Your purchase code needs to be 10 characters long</message>
    </validator>
 
    <!-- Field Validator Syntax -->
    <field name="myPurchaseCode">
        <field-validator type="stringlength">
             <param name="minLength">10</param>
             <param name="maxLength">10</param>
             <param name="trim">true</param>
             <message>Your purchase code needs to be 10 characters long</message>
        </field-validator>
    </field>
 
    <!-- Field Validator Syntax with expression -->
    <field name="myPurchaseCode">
        <field-validator type="stringlength">
             <param name="minLengthExpression">${minLengthValue}</param> <!-- will be evaluated as: Integer getMinLengthValue() -->
             <param name="maxLengthExpression">${maxLengthValue}</param> <!-- will be evaluated as: Integer getMaxLengthValue() -->
             <param name="trimExpression">${trimValue}</param> <!-- will be evaluated as: boolean getTrimValue() -->
             <message>Your purchase code needs to be 10 characters long</message>
        </field-validator>
    </field>
</validators>


(13)url验证器


<!-- Plain Validator Syntax -->
    <validator type="url">
        <param name="fieldName">myHomePage</param>
        <message>Invalid homepage url</message>
    </validator>
 
    <!-- Field Validator Syntax -->
    <field name="myHomepage">
        <field-validator type="url">
            <message>Invalid homepage url</message>
        </field-validator>
    </field>
</validators>


(14)visitor验证器


<validators>
    <!-- Plain Validator Syntax -->
    <validator type="visitor">
        <param name="fieldName">user</param>
        <param name="context">myContext</param>
        <param name="appendPrefix">true</param>
    </validator>
 
    <!-- Field Validator Syntax -->
    <field name="user">
       <field-validator type="visitor">
          <param name="context">myContext</param>
          <param name="appendPrefix">true</param>
       </field-validator>
    </field>
</validators>


(15)conditionalvisitor验证器


<field name="colleaguePosition">
    <field-validator type="conditionalvisitor">
        <param name="expression">reason == 'colleague' and colleaguePositionID == 'OTHER'</param>
        <message>You must select reason Colleague and position Other</message>
    </field-validator>
</field>





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