继续学习Servlet的知识,这篇来学习ServletContext接口。在一个web服务器中,一个应用只能有一个ServletContext对象,这个对象就代表当前整个应用。ServletContext主要有这几个功能:作为域对象,多个Servlet之间共享数据;获取全局配置信息;第三个应用就是获取资源路径。本篇我们来学习下第一个功能,作为域对象,能让多个Servlet之间共享数据。
1.项目准备
创建一个web动态项目,注意勾选创建web.xml文件,然后新建两个Servlet类继承HttpServer. 然后在web.xml中给Server1和Sevlet2配置映射。
ServletDemo1.java
package com.anthony.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ServletDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//调用GenericServlet类中的getServletContext()方法得到ServletContext对象
ServletContext appliction = this.getServletContext();
//向ServletContext对象中添加一个键值对
appliction.setAttribute("Name", "Anthony");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
ServletDemo2.java
package com.anthony.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ServletDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//得到属性Name的value
String name = (String) this.getServletContext().getAttribute("Name");
System.out.println(name);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
web.xml配置两个servlet映射。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>servletDemo1</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.anthony.servlet.ServletDemo1</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>servletDemo1</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/demo1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>servletDemo2</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.anthony.servlet.ServletDemo2</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>servletDemo2</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/demo2</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
2.发布和测试
.在Eclipse上的server tab重新发布到服务器,然后浏览器开两个tab,分别打开下面url
http://localhost:8080/Servlet01/demo1
http://localhost:8080/Servlet01/demo2
运行第一个就运行了ServletDemo1中的appliction.setAttribute("Name", "Anthony");
运行第二个就执行了ServletDemo2中的String name = (String) this.getServletContext().getAttribute("Name");
所以Eclipse上日志控制台输出是:Anthony
这个就证明了ServletContext对象作为域对象,可以让多个Servlet对象之间共享数据。
获取全局配置信息
解释以下在web.xml中什么是全局配置信息,什么是局部配置信息
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<!-- 添加全局配置信息, 在servlet标签里面是每个servlet对象自己的局部变量信息 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>GBK</param-value>
</context-param>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>servletDemo3</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.anthony.servlet.ServletDemo3</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>servletDemo3</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/demo3</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
上面分别又一组全局配置信息(context-param标签范围) 和局部配置信息(servlet标签范围),本篇演示ServletContext获取context-parma标签内的全局配置信息
package com.anthony.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ServletDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String encode = this.getServletContext().getInitParameter("encoding");
System.out.println(encode);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
重新部署到服务器,然后测试浏览器打开地址http://localhost:8080/Servlet01/demo3
信息: Server startup in 559 ms
GBK
由于前面我们学习过获取servlet中局部变量的方法,所以这里后去全局变量就很简单。