linux 常用命令全拼

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pwd	print work directory	打印当前目录 显示出当前工作目录的绝对路径
ps	process status	进程状态，类似于windows的任务管理器,常用参数 －auxf ps -auxf 显示进程状态
df	disk free	其功能是显示磁盘可用空间数目信息及空间结点信息。换句话说，就是报告在任何安装的设备或目录中，还剩多少自由的空间。
du	Disk usage	用于显示目录或文件的大小
rpm	RedHat Package Management	RedHat的发明之一,专门用来管理 Linux 各项套件的程序
rmdir	Remove Directory	删除目录
rm	Remove	删除目录或文件
cat	concatenate	连锁 cat file1file2>>file3 把文件1和文件2的内容联合起来放到file3中
ln -s	link -soft	创建一个软链接，相当于创建一个快捷方式
mkdir	Make Directory	创建目录
touch		用于修改文件或者目录的时间属性，包括存取时间和更改时间。若文件不存在，系统会建立一个新的文件
man	Manual
su	Swith user	切换用户
cd	Change directory
ls	List files
mkdir	Make directory
mkfs	Make file system	用于在特定的分区上建立 linux 文件系统
fsck	File system check
uname	Unix name
lsmod	List modules
mv	Move file
cp	Copy file
jobs		查看当前有多少在后台运行的命令
fg	Foreground	将后台中的命令调至前台继续运行
bg	Background	将一个在后台暂停的命令，变成继续执行
chown	Change owner
chgrp	Change group
chmod	Change mode
umount	Unmount
dd		本来应根据其功能描述“Convert an copy”命名为“cc”，但“cc”已经被用以代表“CComplier”，所以命名为“dd”
tar	Tape archive	磁带档案
ldd	List dynamic dependencies
insmod	Install module
rmmod	Remove module
lsmod	List module
rc	Resource configuration	文件结尾的"rc"（如.bashrc、.xinitrc等）
Knnxxx /Snnxxx	K（Kill）；S(Service)；	位于rcx.d目录下 nn（执行顺序号）；xxx（服务标识）
扩展名.a	Archive	static library
扩展名.so	Shared object	dynamically linked library
扩展名.o	Object file	complied result of C/C++ source file
dpkg	Debian package manager
apt	Advanced package tool	Debian或基于Debian的发行版中提供

bin	Binaries (二进制文件)
/dev	Devices (设备)
/etc	Etcetera (等等)
/lib	LIBrary
/proc	Processes
/sbin	Superuser Binaries (超级用户的二进制文件)
/tmp	Temporary (临时)
/usr	Unix Shared Resources
/var	Variable (变量)
FIFO	First In, First Out
GRUB	GRand Unified Bootloader
IFS	Internal Field Seperators
LILO	LInux LOader
MySQL	My 是最初作者女儿的名字，
SQL	Structured QueryLanguage
PHP	Personal Home Page Tools = PHP HypertextPreprocessor
PS	Prompt String
Perl	“Pratical Extraction and Report Language”(实际的抽取和报告语言) =“Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister”
Python	得名于电视剧Monty Python’s Flying Circus
Tcl	Tool Command Language
Tk	ToolKit
VT	Video Terminal
YaST	Yet Another Setup Tool
apache	“a patchy” server
ar	archiver
as	assembler
awk	"Aho Weiberger and Kernighan"三个作者的姓的第一个字母
bash	Bourne Again SHell
biff	作者HeidiStettner在U.C.Berkely养的一条狗,喜欢对邮递员汪汪叫。
cal	Calendar (日历)
chsh	Change Shell
cmp	compare
cobra	Common Object Request BrokerArchitecture
comm	common
cpio	CoPy In and Out
cron	Chronos 希腊文时间
cups	Common Unix Printing System
cvs	Current Version System
daemon	Disk And Execution MONitor
dc	Desk Calculator
dd	Disk Dump (磁盘转储)
diff	Difference
dmesg	diagnostic message
ed	editor
egrep	Extended GREP
elf	Extensible Linking Format
elm	ELectronic Mail
emacs	Editor MACroS
eval	EVALuate
ex	EXtended
exec	EXECute (执行)
fd	file descriptors
fgrep	Fixed GREP
fmt	format
fsck	File System ChecK
fstab	FileSystem TABle
fvwm	F*** Virtual Window Manager
gawk	GNU AWK
gpg	GNU Privacy Guard
groff	GNU troff
hal	Hardware Abstraction Layer
joe	Joe’s Own Editor
ksh	Korn SHell
lame	Lame Ain’t an MP3 Encoder
lex	LEXical analyser
lisp	LISt Processing = Lots of IrritatingSuperfluous Parentheses
lpr	Line PRint
lsof	LiSt Open Files
m4	Macro processor Version 4
mawk	Mike Brennan’s AWK
mc	Midnight Commander
mkfs	MaKe FileSystem
mknod	Make Node
motd	Message of The Day
mozilla	MOsaic GodZILLa
mtab	Mount TABle
nano	Nano’s ANOther editor
nawk	New AWK
nl	Number of Lines
nm	names
nohup	No HangUP
nroff	New ROFF
od	Octal Dump
passwd	Passwd
pg	pager
pico	PIne’s message COmposition editor
pine	“Program for Internet News &Email” = “Pine is not Elm”
ping	拟声 又 = Packet Internet Grouper
pirntcap	PRINTer CAPability
popd	POP Directory
pr	pre
printf	Print Formatted
pty	pseudo tty
pushd	PUSH Directory
rc	runcom = run command, rc还是plan9的shell
rev	REVerse
rn	Read News
roff	RunOFF
rpm	RPM Package Manager = RedHat PackageManager
rsh	rlogin, rvim中的
r	Remote
rxvt	ouR XVT
seamoneky	我
sed	Stream Editor
seq	SEQuence
shar	Shell ARchive
slrn	S-Lang rn
ssh	Secure Shell
ssl	Secure Sockets Layer
stty	Set TTY
svn	SubVersion
tcsh	TENEX C shell
tee	T (T形水管接口)
telnet	TEminaL over Network
termcap	terminal capability
terminfo	terminal information
tex	τέχνη的缩写，希腊文art
tr	traslate
troff	Typesetter new ROFF
tsort	Topological SORT
tty	TeleTypewriter
twm	Tom’s Window Manager
tz	TimeZone
udev	Userspace DEV
ulimit	User’s LIMIT
umask	User’s MASK
uniq	UNIQue
vi	VIsual Very Inconvenient
vim	Vi IMproved
wall	write all
wc	Word Count
wine	WINE Is Not an Emulator
xargs	eXtended ARGuments
xdm	X Display Manager
xlfd	X Logical Font Description
xmms	X Multimedia System
xrdb	X Resources DataBase
xwd	X Window Dump
yacc	yet another compiler compiler
Fish	the Friendly Interactive SHell
MIME	Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
ECMA	European Computer ManufacturersAssociation