字符串
2.1 Strings
A string can contain letters, numbers, and symbols.
# Set the variable brian on line 3!
brian = “hello life!”
2.2 Escaping Characters
'There's a snake in my boot!'
This code breaks because Python thinks the apostrophe in
'There's'
ends the string. We can use the backslash to fix the problem, like this:
'There\'s a snake in my boot!'
2.3 Access by Index
Each character in a string is assigned a number. This number is called the index. In Python, we start counting the index from zero instead of one.
"""
The string "PYTHON" has six characters,
numbered 0 to 5, as shown below:
+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| P | Y | T | H | O | N |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5
So if you wanted "Y", you could just type
"PYTHON"[1] (always start counting from 0!)
"""
fifth_letter = "MONTY"[4]
print fifth_letter
2.4 String methods
We'll focus on four string methods:
len()
lower()
upper()
str()
Let's start with len(), which gets the length (the number of characters) of a string!
parrot='Norwegian Blue'
print len(parrot)
The output will be the number of letters in
"Norwegian Blue"
,
14
You can use the lower()
method to get rid of all the capitalization in your strings.You call lower()
like so:
"Ryan".lower()
which will return
"ryan"
.
A similar method exists to make a string completely upper case.
parrot = "norwegian blue"
print parrot.upper()
Now let's look at
str()
, which is a little less straightforward. The
str()
method turns non-strings into strings! For example:
str(2)
would turn
2
into
"2"
.
2.5 Dot Notation
Let's take a closer look at why you uselen(string)
and str(object)
, but dot notation (such as "String".upper()
) for the rest.Methods that use dot notation only work with strings.On the other hand,
len()
and str()
can work on other data types.
ministry = "The Ministry of Silly Walks"
print len(ministry)
print ministry.upper()
2.6 Print String
print "Monty Python"
"""Assign the string "Ping!" to
the variable the_machine_goes on
line 5, then print it out on line 6!"""
the_machine_goes = "Ping!"
print the_machine_goes
2.7 String Concatenation
The+
operator between strings will 'add' them together, one after the other.
print "Life " + "of " + "Brian"
This will print out the phrase
Life of Brian
.
Sometimes you need to combine a string with something that isn't a string. In order to do that, you have to convert the non-string into a string.
# Turn 3.14 into a string on line 3!
print "The value of pi is around " +str(3.14)
This will print The value of pi is around 3.14.
The
%
operator after a string is used to combine a string with variables. The %
operator will replace a %s
in the string with the string variable that comes after it.string_1 = "Camelot"
string_2 = "place"
print "Let's not go to %s. 'Tis a silly %s." % (string_1, string_2)
Let's not go to Camelot. 'Tis a silly place.
Remember, we used the
%
operator to replace the %s
placeholders with the variables in parentheses.You need the same number of %s
terms in a string as the number of variables in parentheses:name = raw_input("What is your name?")
quest = raw_input("What is your quest?")
color = raw_input("What is your favorite color?")
print "Ah, so your name is %s, your quest is %s, " \
"and your favorite color is %s." % (name, quest, color)
2.9 Review
Three ways to create strings'Alpha'
"Bravo"
str(3)
String methods
len("Charlie")
"Delta".upper()
"Echo".lower()
Printing a string
print "Foxtrot"
Advanced printing techniques
g = "Golf"
h = "Hotel"
print "%s, %s" % (g, h)