设计模式----原型（Prototype）&备忘录（Memento）&模板方法&状态模式

什么是原型模式

用原型实例指定创建对象的种类，并且通过拷贝这些原型创建新的对象

原型模式的核心就是一各clone方法

 1）java中自带

2）实现原型模式需要实现标记型接口Cloneable

3）一般会重写clone（）方法

4）如果只是重写clone（）方法，而没有实现接口，调用时会报异常

5）一般用于一个对象的属性已经确定，需要产生很多相同对象的时候，对象属性特别多

6）需要区分深克隆和浅克隆

/**
 * 浅克隆
 */

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Person p1 = new Person();
        Person p2 = (Person)p1.clone();
        System.out.println(p2.age + " " + p2.score);
        System.out.println(p2.loc);

        System.out.println(p1.loc == p2.loc);
        p1.loc.street = "sh";
        System.out.println(p2.loc);

    }
}

class Person implements Cloneable {
    int age = 8;
    int score = 100;

    Location loc = new Location("bj", 22);
    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
}

class Location {
    String street;
    int roomNo;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Location{" +
                "street='" + street + '\'' +
                ", roomNo=" + roomNo +
                '}';
    }

    public Location(String street, int roomNo) {
        this.street = street;
        this.roomNo = roomNo;
    }
}

/**
 * 深克隆的处理
 */
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Person p1 = new Person();
        Person p2 = (Person)p1.clone();
        System.out.println(p2.age + " " + p2.score);
        System.out.println(p2.loc);

        System.out.println(p1.loc == p2.loc);
        p1.loc.street = "sh";
        System.out.println(p2.loc);



    }
}

class Person implements Cloneable {
    int age = 8;
    int score = 100;

    Location loc = new Location("bj", 22);
    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Person p = (Person)super.clone();
        p.loc = (Location)loc.clone();
        return p;
    }
}

//深克隆要求location也需要实现cloneable接口
class Location implements Cloneable {
    String street;
    int roomNo;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Location{" +
                "street='" + street + '\'' +
                ", roomNo=" + roomNo +
                '}';
    }

    public Location(String street, int roomNo) {
        this.street = street;
        this.roomNo = roomNo;
    }

    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
}

---

Memento备忘录

记录状态，便于回滚

记录快照（瞬时状态）

存盘（java中的序列化）

---

TemplateMethod模板方法

钩子函数 回调函数

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        F f = new C1();
        f.m();
    }

}

abstract class F {
    //定义好模板
    public void m() {
        op1();
        op2();
    }

    abstract void op1();
    abstract void op2();
}

class C1 extends F {

    @Override
    void op1() {
        System.out.println("op1");
    }

    @Override
    void op2() {
        System.out.println("op2");
    }
}

---

state状态模式

根据状态决定行为

//状态抽象类
public abstract class MMState {
    abstract void smile();
    abstract void cry();
    abstract void say();
}

//状态1
public class MMSadState extends MMState {
    @Override
    void smile() {

    }

    @Override
    void cry() {

    }

    @Override
    void say() {

    }
}

//状态2
public class MMNervousState extends MMState {
    @Override
    void smile() {

    }

    @Override
    void cry() {

    }

    @Override
    void say() {

    }
}

//状态3
public class MMHappyState extends MMState {
    @Override
    void smile() {
        System.out.println("happy smile");
    }

    @Override
    void cry() {

    }

    @Override
    void say() {

    }
}