一次初始化-pthread_once_t pthread_once 函数

仅执行一次的操作

int pthread_once(pthread_once_t *once_control, void (*init_routine) (void))

本函数使用初值为PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT的once_control变量保证init_routine()函数在本进程执行序列中仅执行一次。

once_run()函数仅执行一次，且究竟在哪个线程中执行是不定的，尽管pthread_once(&once,once_run)出现在两个线程中。

LinuxThreads使用互斥锁和条件变量保证由pthread_once()指定的函数执行且仅执行一次，而once_control则表征是否执行过。如果once_control的初值不是PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT（LinuxThreads定义为0），pthread_once() 的行为就会不正常。在LinuxThreads中，实际"一次性函数"的执行状态有三种：NEVER（0）、IN_PROGRESS（1）、DONE （2），如果once初值设为1，则由于所有pthread_once()都必须等待其中一个激发"已执行一次"信号，因此所有pthread_once ()都会陷入永久的等待中；如果设为2，则表示该函数已执行过一次，从而所有pthread_once()都会立即返回0。

（注：测试时若设为1 or 2 都将直接返回）

[root@localhost 06]# cat pthread3.cpp
#include<iostream>
#include<pthread.h>
using namespace std;

pthread_once_t once = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;

void once_run(void)
{
cout<<"once_run in thread "<<(unsigned int )pthread_self()<<endl;
}

void * child1(void * arg)
{
pthread_t tid =pthread_self();
cout<<"thread "<<(unsigned int )tid<<" enter"<<endl;
pthread_once(&once,once_run);
cout<<"thread "<<tid<<" return"<<endl;
}


void * child2(void * arg)
{
pthread_t tid =pthread_self();
cout<<"thread "<<(unsigned int )tid<<" enter"<<endl;
pthread_once(&once,once_run);
cout<<"thread "<<tid<<" return"<<endl;
}

int main(void)
{
pthread_t tid1,tid2;
cout<<"hello"<<endl;
pthread_create(&tid1,NULL,child1,NULL);
pthread_create(&tid2,NULL,child2,NULL);
sleep(10);
cout<<"main thread exit"<<endl;
return 0;

}
[root@localhost 06]# g++ -lpthread pthread3.cpp -o pthread3
[root@localhost 06]# ./pthread3
hello
thread 3086535584 enter
once_run in thread 3086535584
thread 3086535584 return
thread 3076045728 enter
thread 3076045728 return
main thread exit
[root@localhost 06]#

用到的API：

pthread_once_t once_control = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;

int pthread_once(pthread_once_t* once_control, void (*init_routine)(void));

有些事需要一次且仅需要一次执行。通常当初始化应用程序时，可以比较容易地将其放在main函数中。但当你写一个库时，就不能在main里面初始化了，你可以用静态初始化，但使用一次初始化（pthread_once_t）会比较容易些。

例程：

#include <pthread.h>

#include "errors.h"

pthread_once_t once_block = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;

pthread_mutex_t mutex;

/*This is the one-time initialization routine. It will be

* called exactly once, no matter how many calls to pthread_once

* with the same control structure are made during the course of

* the program.

*/

void once init routine (void)

{

int status;

status = pthread_mutex_init (&mutex, NULL);

if (status != 0)

err_abort (status, "Init Mutex");

}

/* Thread start routine that calls pthread_once.
*/

void *thread routine (void *arg)
{

int status;
status = pthread_once (&once_block, once_init_routine);
if (status != 0)
err_abort (status, "Once init");
status = pthread_mutex_lock (&mutex);
if (status != 0)
err_abort (status, "Lock mutex");
printf ("thread routine has locked the mutex.\n");

status = pthread_mutex_unlock (&mutex);
if (status ! = 0)
err_abort (status, "Unlock mutex");
return NULL;

}

int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{

pthread_t thread_id;
char *input, buffer[64];
int status;
status = pthread_create (&thread_id, NULL, thread_routine, NULL);
if (status != 0)
err_abort (status, "Create thread");
status = pthread_once (&once_block, once_init_routine);
if (status != 0)
err_abort (status, "Once init");
status = pthread_mutex_lock (&mutex);
if (status != 0)
err_abort (status, "Lock mutex");
printf ("Main has locked the mutex.\n");
status = pthread_mutex_unlock (&mutex);
if (status != 0)
err_abort (status, "Unlock mutex");
status = pthread_join (thread_id, NULL);
if (status != 0)
err_abort (status, "Join thread");
return 0;

}