FFmpeg源码分析：获取声道布局与声道数

FFmpeg在libavutil模块封装有获取声道布局、声道名字与声道数的API。声道布局包括：单声道、立体声道、环绕声道、5.0声道、5.1声道、7.0声道、7.1声道等。声道掩码包括：前方左边、前方右边、前方中央、低频、后方左边、后方右边、后方中央、左环绕、右环绕等。声道布局、声道数和声道名字可以互相转换。

1、声道掩码

声道掩码的宏定义位于libavutil/channel_layout.h，包括：前方左边、前方右边、前方中央、低频、后方左边、后方右边、后方中央、左前方中央、右前方中央、左侧边、右侧边、上方中央、左环绕、右环绕、左立体、右立体、下前方中央等等。具体定义如下：

#define AV_CH_FRONT_LEFT             0x00000001
#define AV_CH_FRONT_RIGHT            0x00000002
#define AV_CH_FRONT_CENTER           0x00000004
#define AV_CH_LOW_FREQUENCY          0x00000008
#define AV_CH_BACK_LEFT              0x00000010
#define AV_CH_BACK_RIGHT             0x00000020
#define AV_CH_FRONT_LEFT_OF_CENTER   0x00000040
#define AV_CH_FRONT_RIGHT_OF_CENTER  0x00000080
#define AV_CH_BACK_CENTER            0x00000100
#define AV_CH_SIDE_LEFT              0x00000200
#define AV_CH_SIDE_RIGHT             0x00000400
#define AV_CH_TOP_CENTER             0x00000800
#define AV_CH_TOP_FRONT_LEFT         0x00001000
#define AV_CH_TOP_FRONT_CENTER       0x00002000
#define AV_CH_TOP_FRONT_RIGHT        0x00004000
#define AV_CH_TOP_BACK_LEFT          0x00008000
#define AV_CH_TOP_BACK_CENTER        0x00010000
#define AV_CH_TOP_BACK_RIGHT         0x00020000
#define AV_CH_STEREO_LEFT            0x20000000
#define AV_CH_STEREO_RIGHT           0x40000000
#define AV_CH_WIDE_LEFT              0x0000000080000000ULL
#define AV_CH_WIDE_RIGHT             0x0000000100000000ULL
#define AV_CH_SURROUND_DIRECT_LEFT   0x0000000200000000ULL
#define AV_CH_SURROUND_DIRECT_RIGHT  0x0000000400000000ULL
#define AV_CH_LOW_FREQUENCY_2        0x0000000800000000ULL
#define AV_CH_TOP_SIDE_LEFT          0x0000001000000000ULL
#define AV_CH_TOP_SIDE_RIGHT         0x0000002000000000ULL
#define AV_CH_BOTTOM_FRONT_CENTER    0x0000004000000000ULL
#define AV_CH_BOTTOM_FRONT_LEFT      0x0000008000000000ULL
#define AV_CH_BOTTOM_FRONT_RIGHT     0x0000010000000000ULL

2、声道布局

声道布局由各个声道掩码组成，通过或运算得到。声道布局包括：单声道、立体声道、环绕声道、3.1声道、4.0声道、4.1声道、5.0声道、5.1声道、6.0声道、6.1声道、7.0声道、7.1声道。其中，有些杜比音效采用5.1声道或者7.1声道。具体的宏定义位于channel_layout.h：

#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_MONO              (AV_CH_FRONT_CENTER)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO            (AV_CH_FRONT_LEFT|AV_CH_FRONT_RIGHT)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_2POINT1           (AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO|AV_CH_LOW_FREQUENCY)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_2_1               (AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO|AV_CH_BACK_CENTER)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_SURROUND          (AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO|AV_CH_FRONT_CENTER)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_3POINT1           (AV_CH_LAYOUT_SURROUND|AV_CH_LOW_FREQUENCY)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_4POINT0           (AV_CH_LAYOUT_SURROUND|AV_CH_BACK_CENTER)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_4POINT1           (AV_CH_LAYOUT_4POINT0|AV_CH_LOW_FREQUENCY)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_2_2               (AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO|AV_CH_SIDE_LEFT|AV_CH_SIDE_RIGHT)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_QUAD              (AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO|AV_CH_BACK_LEFT|AV_CH_BACK_RIGHT)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_5POINT0           (AV_CH_LAYOUT_SURROUND|AV_CH_SIDE_LEFT|AV_CH_SIDE_RIGHT)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_5POINT1           (AV_CH_LAYOUT_5POINT0|AV_CH_LOW_FREQUENCY)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_5POINT0_BACK      (AV_CH_LAYOUT_SURROUND|AV_CH_BACK_LEFT|AV_CH_BACK_RIGHT)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_5POINT1_BACK      (AV_CH_LAYOUT_5POINT0_BACK|AV_CH_LOW_FREQUENCY)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_6POINT0           (AV_CH_LAYOUT_5POINT0|AV_CH_BACK_CENTER)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_6POINT0_FRONT     (AV_CH_LAYOUT_2_2|AV_CH_FRONT_LEFT_OF_CENTER|AV_CH_FRONT_RIGHT_OF_CENTER)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_HEXAGONAL         (AV_CH_LAYOUT_5POINT0_BACK|AV_CH_BACK_CENTER)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_6POINT1           (AV_CH_LAYOUT_5POINT1|AV_CH_BACK_CENTER)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_6POINT1_BACK      (AV_CH_LAYOUT_5POINT1_BACK|AV_CH_BACK_CENTER)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_6POINT1_FRONT     (AV_CH_LAYOUT_6POINT0_FRONT|AV_CH_LOW_FREQUENCY)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_7POINT0           (AV_CH_LAYOUT_5POINT0|AV_CH_BACK_LEFT|AV_CH_BACK_RIGHT)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_7POINT0_FRONT     (AV_CH_LAYOUT_5POINT0|AV_CH_FRONT_LEFT_OF_CENTER|AV_CH_FRONT_RIGHT_OF_CENTER)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_7POINT1           (AV_CH_LAYOUT_5POINT1|AV_CH_BACK_LEFT|AV_CH_BACK_RIGHT)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_7POINT1_WIDE      (AV_CH_LAYOUT_5POINT1|AV_CH_FRONT_LEFT_OF_CENTER|AV_CH_FRONT_RIGHT_OF_CENTER)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_7POINT1_WIDE_BACK (AV_CH_LAYOUT_5POINT1_BACK|AV_CH_FRONT_LEFT_OF_CENTER|AV_CH_FRONT_RIGHT_OF_CENTER)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_OCTAGONAL         (AV_CH_LAYOUT_5POINT0|AV_CH_BACK_LEFT|AV_CH_BACK_CENTER|AV_CH_BACK_RIGHT)
#define AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO_DOWNMIX    (AV_CH_STEREO_LEFT|AV_CH_STEREO_RIGHT)

声道布局有对应描述名字映射，比如：mono、stereo、quad、5.0、5.1、6.0、6.1、7.0、7.1。代码位于channel_layout.c:

channel_layout_map[] = {
    { "mono",        1,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_MONO },
    { "stereo",      2,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO },
    { "2.1",         3,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_2POINT1 },
    { "3.0",         3,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_SURROUND },
    { "3.0(back)",   3,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_2_1 },
    { "4.0",         4,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_4POINT0 },
    { "quad",        4,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_QUAD },
    { "quad(side)",  4,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_2_2 },
    { "3.1",         4,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_3POINT1 },
    { "5.0",         5,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_5POINT0_BACK },
    { "5.0(side)",   5,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_5POINT0 },
    { "4.1",         5,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_4POINT1 },
    { "5.1",         6,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_5POINT1_BACK },
    { "5.1(side)",   6,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_5POINT1 },
    { "6.0",         6,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_6POINT0 },
    { "6.0(front)",  6,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_6POINT0_FRONT },
    { "hexagonal",   6,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_HEXAGONAL },
    { "6.1",         7,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_6POINT1 },
    { "6.1(back)",   7,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_6POINT1_BACK },
    { "6.1(front)",  7,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_6POINT1_FRONT },
    { "7.0",         7,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_7POINT0 },
    { "7.0(front)",  7,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_7POINT0_FRONT },
    { "7.1",         8,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_7POINT1 },
    { "7.1(wide)",   8,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_7POINT1_WIDE_BACK },
    { "7.1(wide-side)",   8,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_7POINT1_WIDE },
    { "octagonal",   8,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_OCTAGONAL },
    { "hexadecagonal", 16, AV_CH_LAYOUT_HEXADECAGONAL },
    { "downmix",     2,  AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO_DOWNMIX, },
    { "22.2",          24, AV_CH_LAYOUT_22POINT2, },
}

 

3、声道名字

声道名字是声道掩码的描述，有对应的缩写字符表示，位于channel_layout.c。包括：FL、FR、LFE、BL、BR、FLC、FRC、TFL、TFC、TFR、SDL、SDR、BFL、BFC、BFR等。其中LFE是低音效Low Frequency Effect，SDL是左环绕、SDR是右环绕。具体描述如下：

static const struct channel_name channel_names[] = {
     [0] = { "FL",        "front left"            },
     [1] = { "FR",        "front right"           },
     [2] = { "FC",        "front center"          },
     [3] = { "LFE",       "low frequency"         },
     [4] = { "BL",        "back left"             },
     [5] = { "BR",        "back right"            },
     [6] = { "FLC",       "front left-of-center"  },
     [7] = { "FRC",       "front right-of-center" },
     [8] = { "BC",        "back center"           },
     [9] = { "SL",        "side left"             },
    [10] = { "SR",        "side right"            },
    [11] = { "TC",        "top center"            },
    [12] = { "TFL",       "top front left"        },
    [13] = { "TFC",       "top front center"      },
    [14] = { "TFR",       "top front right"       },
    [15] = { "TBL",       "top back left"         },
    [16] = { "TBC",       "top back center"       },
    [17] = { "TBR",       "top back right"        },
    [29] = { "DL",        "downmix left"          },
    [30] = { "DR",        "downmix right"         },
    [31] = { "WL",        "wide left"             },
    [32] = { "WR",        "wide right"            },
    [33] = { "SDL",       "surround direct left"  },
    [34] = { "SDR",       "surround direct right" },
    [35] = { "LFE2",      "low frequency 2"       },
    [36] = { "TSL",       "top side left"         },
    [37] = { "TSR",       "top side right"        },
    [38] = { "BFC",       "bottom front center"   },
    [39] = { "BFL",       "bottom front left"     },
    [40] = { "BFR",       "bottom front right"    },
};

4、av_get_channel_layout

根据名字获取声道布局，声明如下：

uint64_t av_get_channel_layout(const char *name);

5、av_get_channel_layout_string

根据声道数和声道布局获取对应的声道布局描述，声明如下：

void av_get_channel_layout_string(char *buf, 
                                  int buf_size, 
                                  int nb_channels, 
                                  uint64_t channel_layout);

6、av_get_channel_layout_nb_channels

根据声道布局获取声道数，声明如下：

int av_get_channel_layout_nb_channels(uint64_t channel_layout);

7、av_get_default_channel_layout

根据声道数获取默认的声道布局，声明如下：

int64_t av_get_default_channel_layout(int nb_channels);

8、av_get_channel_name

获取声道对应的名字，声明如下：

const char *av_get_channel_name(uint64_t channel);