Numpy排序，搜索和计数

排序

numpy.sort(a[, axis=-1, kind=‘quicksort’, order=None])——返回排序后的数组复制

Return a sorted copy of an array

• axis：排序沿数组的（轴）方向，0表示按行，1表示按列，None表示展开来排序，默认为-1，表示沿最后的轴排序。
• kind：排序的算法，提供了快排’quicksort’、混排’mergesort’、堆排’heapsort’， 默认为‘quicksort’。
• order：排序的字段名，可指定字段排序，默认为None。

np.random.seed(20200612)
x = np.random.rand(5, 5) * 10
x = np.around(x, 2)
print(x)
# [[2.32 7.54 9.78 1.73 6.22]
#  [6.93 5.17 9.28 9.76 8.25]
#  [0.01 4.23 0.19 1.73 9.27]
#  [7.99 4.97 0.88 7.32 4.29]
#  [9.05 0.07 8.95 7.9  6.99]]

y = np.sort(x)
print(y)
# [[1.73 2.32 6.22 7.54 9.78]
#  [5.17 6.93 8.25 9.28 9.76]
#  [0.01 0.19 1.73 4.23 9.27]
#  [0.88 4.29 4.97 7.32 7.99]
#  [0.07 6.99 7.9  8.95 9.05]]

y = np.sort(x, axis=0)
print(y)
# [[0.01 0.07 0.19 1.73 4.29]
#  [2.32 4.23 0.88 1.73 6.22]
#  [6.93 4.97 8.95 7.32 6.99]
#  [7.99 5.17 9.28 7.9  8.25]
#  [9.05 7.54 9.78 9.76 9.27]]

y = np.sort(x, axis=1)
print(y)
# [[1.73 2.32 6.22 7.54 9.78]
#  [5.17 6.93 8.25 9.28 9.76]
#  [0.01 0.19 1.73 4.23 9.27]
#  [0.88 4.29 4.97 7.32 7.99]
#  [0.07 6.99 7.9  8.95 9.05]]

按字段名排序：

dt = np.dtype([('name', 'S10'), ('age', np.int)])
a = np.array([("Mike", 21), ("Nancy", 25), ("Bob", 17), ("Jane", 27)], dtype=dt)
b = np.sort(a, order='name')
print(b)
# [(b'Bob', 17) (b'Jane', 27) (b'Mike', 21) (b'Nancy', 25)]

b = np.sort(a, order='age')
print(b)
# [(b'Bob', 17) (b'Mike', 21) (b'Nancy', 25) (b'Jane', 27)]

numpy.argsort(a[, axis=-1, kind=‘quicksort’, order=None]) ——返回数据的排序索引数组

Returns the indices that would sort an array.

np.random.seed(20200612)
x = np.random.randint(0, 10, 10)
print(x)
# [6 1 8 5 5 4 1 2 9 1]

y = np.argsort(x)
print(y)
# [1 6 9 7 5 3 4 0 2 8]

print(x[y])
# [1 1 1 2 4 5 5 6 8 9]

y = np.argsort(-x)
print(y)
# [8 2 0 3 4 5 7 1 6 9]

print(x[y])
# [9 8 6 5 5 4 2 1 1 1]

np.random.seed(20200612)
x = np.random.rand(5, 5) * 10
x = np.around(x, 2)
print(x)
# [[2.32 7.54 9.78 1.73 6.22]
#  [6.93 5.17 9.28 9.76 8.25]
#  [0.01 4.23 0.19 1.73 9.27]
#  [7.99 4.97 0.88 7.32 4.29]
#  [9.05 0.07 8.95 7.9  6.99]]

y = np.argsort(x)
print(y)
# [[3 0 4 1 2]
#  [1 0 4 2 3]
#  [0 2 3 1 4]
#  [2 4 1 3 0]
#  [1 4 3 2 0]]

y = np.argsort(x, axis=0)
print(y)
# [[2 4 2 0 3]
#  [0 2 3 2 0]
#  [1 3 4 3 4]
#  [3 1 1 4 1]
#  [4 0 0 1 2]]

y = np.argsort(x, axis=1)
print(y)
# [[3 0 4 1 2]
#  [1 0 4 2 3]
#  [0 2 3 1 4]
#  [2 4 1 3 0]
#  [1 4 3 2 0]]

y = np.array([np.take(x[i], np.argsort(x[i])) for i in range(5)])  
#numpy.take(a, indices, axis=None, out=None, mode='raise')沿轴从数组中获取元素。
print(y)
# [[1.73 2.32 6.22 7.54 9.78]
#  [5.17 6.93 8.25 9.28 9.76]
#  [0.01 0.19 1.73 4.23 9.27]
#  [0.88 4.29 4.97 7.32 7.99]
#  [0.07 6.99 7.9  8.95 9.05]]

###numpy.lexsort(keys[, axis=-1])
Perform an indirect stable sort using a sequence of keys

np.random.seed(20200612)
x = np.random.rand(5, 5) * 10
x = np.around(x, 2)
print(x)
# [[2.32 7.54 9.78 1.73 6.22]
#  [6.93 5.17 9.28 9.76 8.25]
#  [0.01 4.23 0.19 1.73 9.27]
#  [7.99 4.97 0.88 7.32 4.29]
#  [9.05 0.07 8.95 7.9  6.99]]

index = np.lexsort([x[:, 0]])
print(index)
# [2 0 1 3 4]

y = x[index]
print(y)
# [[0.01 4.23 0.19 1.73 9.27]
#  [2.32 7.54 9.78 1.73 6.22]
#  [6.93 5.17 9.28 9.76 8.25]
#  [7.99 4.97 0.88 7.32 4.29]
#  [9.05 0.07 8.95 7.9  6.99]]

index = np.lexsort([-1 * x[:, 0]])
print(index)
# [4 3 1 0 2]

y = x[index]
print(y)
# [[9.05 0.07 8.95 7.9  6.99]
#  [7.99 4.97 0.88 7.32 4.29]
#  [6.93 5.17 9.28 9.76 8.25]
#  [2.32 7.54 9.78 1.73 6.22]
#  [0.01 4.23 0.19 1.73 9.27]]

numpy.partition(a, kth, axis=-1, kind=‘introselect’, order=None)——以索引是 kth 的元素为基准，将元素分成两部分，小于该元素的放在其前面

Return a partitioned copy of an array

np.random.seed(100)
x = np.random.randint(1, 30, [8, 3])
print(x)
# [[ 9 25  4]
#  [ 8 24 16]
#  [17 11 21]
#  [ 3 22  3]
#  [ 3 15  3]
#  [18 17 25]
#  [16  5 12]
#  [29 27 17]]

y = np.sort(x, axis=0)
print(y)
# [[ 3  5  3]
#  [ 3 11  3]
#  [ 8 15  4]
#  [ 9 17 12]
#  [16 22 16]
#  [17 24 17]
#  [18 25 21]
#  [29 27 25]]

z = np.partition(x, kth=2, axis=0)
print(z)
# [[ 3  5  3]
#  [ 3 11  3]
#  [ 8 15  4]
#  [ 9 22 21]
#  [17 24 16]
#  [18 17 25]
#  [16 25 12]
#  [29 27 17]]

选取每一列第三小的数

np.random.seed(100)
x = np.random.randint(1, 30, [8, 3])
print(x)
# [[ 9 25  4]
#  [ 8 24 16]
#  [17 11 21]
#  [ 3 22  3]
#  [ 3 15  3]
#  [18 17 25]
#  [16  5 12]
#  [29 27 17]]
z = np.partition(x, kth=2, axis=0)
print(z[2])
# [ 8 15  4]

选取每一列第三大的数据

np.random.seed(100)
x = np.random.randint(1, 30, [8, 3])
print(x)
# [[ 9 25  4]
#  [ 8 24 16]
#  [17 11 21]
#  [ 3 22  3]
#  [ 3 15  3]
#  [18 17 25]
#  [16  5 12]
#  [29 27 17]]
z = np.partition(x, kth=-3, axis=0)
print(z[-3])
# [17 24 17]

numpy.argpartition(a, kth, axis=-1, kind=‘introselect’, order=None)——返回numpy.partition的索引

np.random.seed(100)
x = np.random.randint(1, 30, [8, 3])
print(x)
# [[ 9 25  4]
#  [ 8 24 16]
#  [17 11 21]
#  [ 3 22  3]
#  [ 3 15  3]
#  [18 17 25]
#  [16  5 12]
#  [29 27 17]]

y = np.argsort(x, axis=0)
print(y)
# [[3 6 3]
#  [4 2 4]
#  [1 4 0]
#  [0 5 6]
#  [6 3 1]
#  [2 1 7]
#  [5 0 2]
#  [7 7 5]]

z = np.argpartition(x, kth=2, axis=0)
print(z)
# [[3 6 3]
#  [4 2 4]
#  [1 4 0]
#  [0 3 2]
#  [2 1 1]
#  [5 5 5]
#  [6 0 6]
#  [7 7 7]]

选取每一列第三小的数的索引

np.random.seed(100)
x = np.random.randint(1, 30, [8, 3])
print(x)
# [[ 9 25  4]
#  [ 8 24 16]
#  [17 11 21]
#  [ 3 22  3]
#  [ 3 15  3]
#  [18 17 25]
#  [16  5 12]
#  [29 27 17]]

z = np.argpartition(x, kth=2, axis=0)
print(z[2])
# [1 4 0]

选取每一列第三大的数的索引

np.random.seed(100)
x = np.random.randint(1, 30, [8, 3])
print(x)
# [[ 9 25  4]
#  [ 8 24 16]
#  [17 11 21]
#  [ 3 22  3]
#  [ 3 15  3]
#  [18 17 25]
#  [16  5 12]
#  [29 27 17]]

z = np.argpartition(x, kth=-3, axis=0)
print(z[-3])
# [2 1 7]

搜索

numpy.argmax(a[, axis=None, out=None])——指定维度最大值的索引

Returns the indices of the maximum values along an axis.

np.random.seed(20200612)
x = np.random.rand(5, 5) * 10
x = np.around(x, 2)
print(x)
# [[2.32 7.54 9.78 1.73 6.22]
#  [6.93 5.17 9.28 9.76 8.25]
#  [0.01 4.23 0.19 1.73 9.27]
#  [7.99 4.97 0.88 7.32 4.29]
#  [9.05 0.07 8.95 7.9  6.99]]

y = np.argmax(x)
print(y)  # 2

y = np.argmax(x, axis=0)
print(y)
# [4 0 0 1 2]

y = np.argmax(x, axis=1)
print(y)
# [2 3 4 0 0]

numpy.argmin(a[, axis=None, out=None])——指定维度最小值的索引

Returns the indices of the minimum values along an axis.

np.random.seed(20200612)
x = np.random.rand(5, 5) * 10
x = np.around(x, 2)
print(x)
# [[2.32 7.54 9.78 1.73 6.22]
#  [6.93 5.17 9.28 9.76 8.25]
#  [0.01 4.23 0.19 1.73 9.27]
#  [7.99 4.97 0.88 7.32 4.29]
#  [9.05 0.07 8.95 7.9  6.99]]

y = np.argmin(x)
print(y)  # 10

y = np.argmin(x, axis=0)
print(y)
# [2 4 2 0 3]

y = np.argmin(x, axis=1)
print(y)
# [3 1 0 2 1]

numppy.nonzero(a) ——非零元素的下标

Return the indices of the elements that are non-zero.

import numpy as np

x = np.array([0, 2, 3])
print(x)  # [0 2 3]
print(x.shape)  # (3,)
print(x.ndim)  # 1

y = np.nonzero(x)
print(y)  # (array([1, 2], dtype=int64),)
print(np.array(y))  # [[1 2]]
print(np.array(y).shape)  # (1, 2)
print(np.array(y).ndim)  # 2
print(np.transpose(y))
# [[1]
#  [2]]
print(x[np.nonzero(x)])
#[2, 3]

二维数组

x = np.array([[3, 0, 0], [0, 4, 0], [5, 6, 0]])
print(x)
# [[3 0 0]
#  [0 4 0]
#  [5 6 0]]
print(x.shape)  # (3, 3)
print(x.ndim)  # 2

y = np.nonzero(x)
print(y)
# (array([0, 1, 2, 2], dtype=int64), array([0, 1, 0, 1], dtype=int64))
print(np.array(y))
# [[0 1 2 2]
#  [0 1 0 1]]
print(np.array(y).shape)  # (2, 4)
print(np.array(y).ndim)  # 2

y = x[np.nonzero(x)]
print(y)  # [3 4 5 6]

y = np.transpose(np.nonzero(x))
print(y)
# [[0 0]
#  [1 1]
#  [2 0]
#  [2 1]]

三维数组

x = np.array([[[0, 1], [1, 0]], [[0, 1], [1, 0]], [[0, 0], [1, 0]]])
print(x)
# [[[0 1]
#   [1 0]]
#
#  [[0 1]
#   [1 0]]
#
#  [[0 0]
#   [1 0]]]
print(np.shape(x))  # (3, 2, 2)
print(x.ndim)  # 3

y = np.nonzero(x)
print(np.array(y))
# [[0 0 1 1 2]
#  [0 1 0 1 1]
#  [1 0 1 0 0]]
print(np.array(y).shape)  # (3, 5)
print(np.array(y).ndim)  # 2
print(y)
# (array([0, 0, 1, 1, 2], dtype=int64), array([0, 1, 0, 1, 1], dtype=int64), array([1, 0, 1, 0, 0], dtype=int64))
print(x[np.nonzero(x)])
#[1 1 1 1 1]

nonzero()将布尔数组转换成整数数组进行操作

x = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])
print(x)
# [[1 2 3]
#  [4 5 6]
#  [7 8 9]]

y = x > 3
print(y)
# [[False False False]
#  [ True  True  True]
#  [ True  True  True]]

y = np.nonzero(x > 3)
print(y)
# (array([1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2], dtype=int64), array([0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2], dtype=int64))

y = x[np.nonzero(x > 3)]
print(y)
# [4 5 6 7 8 9]

y = x[x > 3]
print(y)
# [4 5 6 7 8 9]

numpy.where(condition, [x=None, y=None]) ——满足条件condition，输出x，不满足输出y

Return elements chosen from x or y depending on condition

• 只有condition，没有x和y，则输出满足条件 (即非0) 元素的坐标 (等价于numpy.nonzero)。这里的坐标以tuple的形式给出，通常原数组有多少维，输出的tuple中就包含几个数组，分别对应符合条件元素的各维坐标

x = np.arange(10)
print(x)
# [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]

y = np.where(x < 5, x, 10 * x)
print(y)
# [ 0  1  2  3  4 50 60 70 80 90]

x = np.array([[0, 1, 2],
              [0, 2, 4],
              [0, 3, 6]])
y = np.where(x < 4, x, -1)
print(y)
# [[ 0  1  2]
#  [ 0  2 -1]
#  [ 0  3 -1]]

x = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
y = np.where(x > 5)
print(y)
# (array([5, 6, 7], dtype=int64),)
print(x[y])
# [6 7 8]

y = np.nonzero(x > 5)
print(y)
# (array([5, 6, 7], dtype=int64),)
print(x[y])
# [6 7 8]

x = np.array([[11, 12, 13, 14, 15],
              [16, 17, 18, 19, 20],
              [21, 22, 23, 24, 25],
              [26, 27, 28, 29, 30],
              [31, 32, 33, 34, 35]])
y = np.where(x > 25)
print(y)
# (array([3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4], dtype=int64), array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4], dtype=int64))

print(x[y])
# [26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35]

y = np.nonzero(x > 25)
print(y)
# (array([3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4], dtype=int64), array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4], dtype=int64))
print(x[y])
# [26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35]

numpy.searchsorted(a, v[, side=‘left’, sorter=None])——按照顺序插入（返回值为插入位置的索引）

Find indices where elements should be inserted to maintain order
a：一维输入数组。当sorter参数为None的时候，a必须为升序数组；否则，sorter不能为空，存放a中元素的index，用于反映a数组的升序排列方式。
v：插入a数组的值，可以为单个元素，list或者ndarray。
side：查询方向，当为left时，将返回第一个符合条件的元素下标；当为right时，将返回最后一个符合条件的元素下标。
sorter：一维数组存放a数组元素的 index，index 对应元素为升序。

x = np.array([0, 1, 5, 9, 11, 18, 26, 33])
y = np.searchsorted(x, 15)
print(y)  # 5

y = np.searchsorted(x, 15, side='right')
print(y)  # 5

y = np.searchsorted(x, -1)
print(y)  # 0

y = np.searchsorted(x, -1, side='right')
print(y)  # 0

y = np.searchsorted(x, 35)
print(y)  # 8

y = np.searchsorted(x, 35, side='right')
print(y)  # 8

y = np.searchsorted(x, 11)
print(y)  # 4

y = np.searchsorted(x, 11, side='right')
print(y)  # 5

y = np.searchsorted(x, 0)
print(y)  # 0

y = np.searchsorted(x, 0, side='right')
print(y)  # 1

y = np.searchsorted(x, 33)
print(y)  # 7

y = np.searchsorted(x, 33, side='right')
print(y)  # 8

x = np.array([0, 1, 5, 9, 11, 18, 26, 33])
y = np.searchsorted(x, [-1, 0, 11, 15, 33, 35])
print(y)  # [0 0 4 5 7 8]

y = np.searchsorted(x, [-1, 0, 11, 15, 33, 35], side='right')
print(y)  # [0 1 5 5 8 8]

x = np.array([0, 1, 5, 9, 11, 18, 26, 33])
np.random.shuffle(x)
print(x)  # [33  1  9 18 11 26  0  5]

x_sort = np.argsort(x)
print(x_sort)  # [6 1 7 2 4 3 5 0]

y = np.searchsorted(x, [-1, 0, 11, 15, 33, 35], sorter=x_sort)
print(y)  # [0 0 4 5 7 8]

y = np.searchsorted(x, [-1, 0, 11, 15, 33, 35], side='right', sorter=x_sort)
print(y)  # [0 1 5 5 8 8]

计数

numpy.count_nonzero(a, axis=None) ——返回数组中的非0元素个数

Counts the number of non-zero values in the array a.

x = np.count_nonzero(np.eye(4))
print(x)  # 4

x = np.count_nonzero([[0, 1, 7, 0, 0], [3, 0, 0, 2, 19]])
print(x)  # 5

x = np.count_nonzero([[0, 1, 7, 0, 0], [3, 0, 0, 2, 19]], axis=0)
print(x)  # [1 1 1 1 1]

x = np.count_nonzero([[0, 1, 7, 0, 0], [3, 0, 0, 2, 19]], axis=1)
print(x)  # [2 3]