Spring Data整合Mysql

附上示例程序的github地址：https://github.com/bjtudujunlin/SpringDataExample

1、 首先添加maven依赖

这里可以注意到，dependency标签里面没有添加版本信息，因为版本信息都在parent的pom文件里面进行了统一配置，解决不同jar包版本不兼容的问题。这里依赖了三个jar，spring-boot-starter-web是springboot提供的web支持的jar，内部封装了spring web开发需要的所有jar包。spring-boot-starter-data-jpa是springboot提供的jpa支持的jar包，mysql-connector-java是jdbc访问mysql的jar包。简单说下springboot，springboot解决了spring项目中存在的配置复杂的问题，比如spring web需要5、6个配置注解，springboot用1个注解就搞定了，很方便。

<parent>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>        <version>1.4.2.RELEASE</version>     </parent>   <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>mysql</groupId>            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>        </dependency>     </dependencies>

2、 配置数据源

在src/main/resources下面创建application.properties文件，内容如下，配置文件里面配置了datasource为mysql，jpa采用hibernate进行实现。

# DataSource settings: set here your own configurations for the database # connection. In this example we have "netgloo_blog" as database name and # "root" as username and password. spring.datasource.url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test spring.datasource.username = root spring.datasource.password = 123456   # Keep the connection alive if idle for a long time (needed in production) spring.datasource.testWhileIdle = true spring.datasource.validationQuery = SELECT1   # Show or not log for each sql query spring.jpa.show-sql = true   # Hibernate ddl auto (create, create-drop, update) spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto = update   # Naming strategy spring.jpa.hibernate.naming-strategy = org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy   # Use spring.jpa.properties.* for Hibernate native properties (the prefix is # stripped before adding them to the entity manager)   # The SQL dialect makes Hibernate generate better SQL for the chosen database spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect

3、 创建实体类

这里做了个简单例子，如下实体类Customer，用@Entity注解表明是一个实体类，默认对应了数据库表customer（这个表程序运行时会自动创建），Customer由三个属性，id是主键，自增长，firstName和lastName都是字符串。

package examples.mysql;   import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.GenerationType; import javax.persistence.Id;   @Entity public class Customer {       @Id     @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)     private Longid;     private StringfirstName;     private StringlastName;       protected Customer() {}       public Customer(StringfirstName, String lastName) {         this.firstName =firstName;         this.lastName =lastName;     }       @Override     public String toString() {         return String.format(                 "Customer[id=%d, firstName='%s', lastName='%s']",                 id, firstName, lastName);     }   }

4、定义Repository接口

这里继承了CURDRepository，然后扩展了两个方法。

package examples.mysql;   import java.util.List;   import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;   public interface CustomerRepositoryextends CrudRepository<Customer, Long> {         List<Customer> findByLastName(String lastName);         List<Customer> findByFirstName(String firstName);   }

5、运行程序

实体类和repository都有了，现在就剩把程序跑起来，定义Application类，内容如下。SpringBootApplication注解表明这是一个springboot的应用，EnableJpaRepositories添加了jpa支持，demo方法利用@bean注解同时返回了CommandLineRunner对象，表明这个方法会在springboot启动前加载运行，同时它的参数repository自动注入，springboot会在当前目录和子目录下搜索CustomerRepository类型的接口自动注入。

package examples.mysql; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;   @SpringBootApplication @EnableJpaRepositories public class Application {       private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Application.class);       public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(Application.class);     }       /**      * 返回CommandLineRunner的Bean，在spring boot启动前加载并且执行      *      * @param repository      * @return      */     @Bean     public CommandLineRunner demo(CustomerRepositoryrepository) {        return (args) -> {            // save a couple of customers            repository.save(new Customer("Jack","Bauer"));            repository.save(new Customer("Chloe","O'Brian"));            repository.save(new Customer("Kim","Bauer"));            repository.save(new Customer("David","Palmer"));            repository.save(new Customer("Michelle","Dessler"));              // fetch all customers            log.info("Customers found with findAll():");            log.info("-------------------------------");            for (Customercustomer : repository.findAll()) {               log.info(customer.toString());            }            log.info("");              // fetch an individual customer by ID            Customer customer =repository.findOne(1L);            log.info("Customer found with findOne(1L):");            log.info("--------------------------------");            log.info(customer.toString());            log.info("");              // fetch customers by last name            log.info("Customer found with findByLastName('Bauer'):");            log.info("--------------------------------------------");            for (Customerbauer : repository.findByLastName("Bauer")) {               log.info(bauer.toString());            }              // fetch customers by last name            log.info("Customer found with findByFirstName('David'):");            log.info("--------------------------------------------");            for (Customerbauer : repository.findByFirstName("David")) {               log.info(bauer.toString());            }            log.info("");        };     }   }

    在Application类中右键运行程序，就可以看见数据库中已经创建了表customer并且插入了几条数据了。

    几个类的布局如下：