/* Calculates an image derivative using generalized Sobel
(aperture_size = 1,3,5,7) or Scharr (aperture_size = -1) operator.
Scharr can be used only for the first dx or dy derivative */
CVAPI(void) cvSobel( const CvArr* src, CvArr* dst,
int xorder, int yorder,
int aperture_size CV_DEFAULT(3));
src和dst分别是输入图像和输出图像
xorder和yorder是求导的阶数。通常是0,1,最多2。值为0表明在这个方向上没有求导
aperture_size参数是方形滤波器的宽(或高)并且应该是奇数,1,3,5,7
如果源图像src是8位的,为避免溢出,目标图像的深度必须是IPL_DEPTH_16S
//cvSobel
void sobel(void)
{
IplImage *src=cvLoadImage("lena.jpg");
IplImage *dstx_s=cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src), IPL_DEPTH_16S, src->nChannels);
IplImage *dsty_s=cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src), IPL_DEPTH_16S, src->nChannels);
IplImage *dstx_u=cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src), IPL_DEPTH_8S, src->nChannels);
IplImage *dsty_u=cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src), IPL_DEPTH_8S, src->nChannels);
if (src == NULL || dstx_s == NULL || dsty_s == NULL || dstx_u == NULL || dsty_u == NULL)
exit(0);
cvSobel(src, dstx_s, 1, 0, 3);
cvSobel(src, dsty_s, 0, 1, 3);
cvConvertScale(dstx_s, dstx_u, 1.0, 0);
cvConvertScale(dsty_s, dsty_u, 1.0, 0);
cvNamedWindow("src");
cvNamedWindow("dstx");
cvNamedWindow("dsty");
cvShowImage("src", src);
cvShowImage("dstx", dstx_u);
cvShowImage("dsty", dsty_u);
cvWaitKey(0);
cvReleaseImage(&src);
cvReleaseImage(&dstx_s);
cvReleaseImage(&dsty_s);
cvReleaseImage(&dstx_u);
cvReleaseImage(&dsty_u);
cvDestroyAllWindows();
}
##################################################
Scharr滤波器
对于小一点的核(3x3)而言,使用Sobel算子近似计算导数的缺点是精度比较低
Scbarr滤波器同sobel滤波器一样快,但是准确率更高,故当你利用3x3滤波器实现图像度量的时候应该使用Scharr滤波器
-3 | 0 | 3 |
-10 | 0 | 10 |
-3 | 0 | 3 |
-3 | -10 | 3 |
0 | 0 | 0 |
-3 | 10 | 3 |
//Scharr
void scharr(void)
{
IplImage *src=cvLoadImage("lena.jpg");
IplImage *dstx_s=cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src), IPL_DEPTH_16S, src->nChannels);
IplImage *dsty_s=cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src), IPL_DEPTH_16S, src->nChannels);
IplImage *dstx_u=cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src), IPL_DEPTH_8S, src->nChannels);
IplImage *dsty_u=cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(src), IPL_DEPTH_8S, src->nChannels);
if (src == NULL || dstx_s == NULL || dsty_s == NULL || dstx_u == NULL || dsty_u == NULL)
exit(0);
cvSobel(src, dstx_s, 1, 0, -1);//aperture_size=-1 表示Scharr滤波器
cvSobel(src, dsty_s, 0, 1, -1);
cvConvertScale(dstx_s, dstx_u, 1.0, 0);
cvConvertScale(dsty_s, dsty_u, 1.0, 0);
cvNamedWindow("src");
cvNamedWindow("dstx");
cvNamedWindow("dsty");
cvShowImage("src", src);
cvShowImage("dstx", dstx_u);
cvShowImage("dsty", dsty_u);
cvWaitKey(0);
cvReleaseImage(&src);
cvReleaseImage(&dstx_s);
cvReleaseImage(&dsty_s);
cvReleaseImage(&dstx_u);
cvReleaseImage(&dsty_u);
cvDestroyAllWindows();
}
###################################################################
针对评论里的问题,我查了一下《learning OpenCV》,因为cvSobel()中使用的X和Y滤波器完全是沿x轴和y轴排列。所以当试图估计图像的方向导数(directional derivative,即,使用y/x滤波器响应的反正切得到的图像梯度的方向)时,难度就会出现。(这段话是学习opencv上看的,我也弄不大懂哈,不过又不理解的可以在《学习OpenCV》上在看一看,里面讲的更详细 具体位置在P171)