参考:
Android 线程通信(Handler + Message + Looper) 0 - 前言
Android
使用 Looper
类进行消息队列的创建和管理
主要内容:
Handler
运行在子线程Looper.prepare()
Looper.loop()
Looper
浅析Looper
终止
Handler
运行在子线程
Handler
运行在子线程
之前的简单使用例子在子线程中发送消息,主线程处理消息。下面代码实现子线程处理消息,在主线程发送消息
创建线程类 MyThread
,定义成员变量 Handler
,在 run()
方法中创建 Handler
对象,并实现其 handleMessage
方法
class MyThread extends Thread {
private static final String TAG = "MyThread";
Handler handler;
@Override
public void run() {
handler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
Log.e(TAG, "handleMessage: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
};
Log.e(TAG, "run: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
在主线程中创建 MyThread
对象,启动并发送消息
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
MyThread thread = new MyThread();
thread.start();
Log.e(TAG, "onCreate: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Message msg = Message.obtain(thread.handler, 1, 2, 3);
msg.sendToTarget();
}
}
程序在创建 Handler
对象的时候出错:
Looper.prepare()
Looper.prepare()
进入 Handler
类,查看关键代码如下:
final Looper mLooper;
...
public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
...
mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
if (mLooper == null) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
}
...
}
调用类 Looper
的方法 myLooper()
,得到 Looper
对象,如果为空,抛出异常
Looper.myLooper()
实现如下:
/**
* Return the Looper object associated with the current thread. Returns
* null if the calling thread is not associated with a Looper.
*/
public static @Nullable Looper myLooper() {
return sThreadLocal.get();
}
myLooper
方法的作用是返回和当前线程关联的 Looper
对象,如果调用线程没有和一个 Looper
对象绑定,那么返回空
同时,抛出的异常也给出了提示
java.lang.RuntimeException: Can’t create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()
查看 Looper.prepare
方法实现:
/** Initialize the current thread as a looper.
* This gives you a chance to create handlers that then reference
* this looper, before actually starting the loop. Be sure to call
* {@link #loop()} after calling this method, and end it by calling
* {@link #quit()}.
*/
public static void prepare() {
prepare(true);
}
private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}
private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
mThread = Thread.currentThread();
}
由上面代码可知,调用 Looper.prepare()
方法后,将会创建一个新的 Looper
对象与当前线程绑定
并且,代码中也提到了,每个线程仅能匹配一个 Looper
对象
修改线程代码,在创建 Handler
对象之前,调用方法 Looper.prepare
:
@Override
public void run() {
Looper.prepare();
handler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
Log.e(TAG, "handleMessage: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
};
Log.e(TAG, "run: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
运行成功,但是发送的消息并没有得到处理
Looper.loop()
Looper.loop()
类 Looper
使用方法 loop()
来不断检索消息队列,并发送给对应的 Handler
处理
/**
* Run the message queue in this thread. Be sure to call
* {@link #quit()} to end the loop.
*/
public static void loop() {
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
// Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
// and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
for (;;) {
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
// This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
final Printer logging = me.mLogging;
if (logging != null) {
logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
}
final long traceTag = me.mTraceTag;
if (traceTag != 0 && Trace.isTagEnabled(traceTag)) {
Trace.traceBegin(traceTag, msg.target.getTraceName(msg));
}
try {
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
} finally {
if (traceTag != 0) {
Trace.traceEnd(traceTag);
}
}
if (logging != null) {
logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
}
// Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
// identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
if (ident != newIdent) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
+ msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
+ msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
}
msg.recycleUnchecked();
}
}
首先获取当前线程的 Looper
对象,以及对应的消息队列
接下来是一个无限的 for
循环,不断获取消息队列的消息,并发送到 Handler
对象进行处理
再次修改代码,加入 Looper.loop
方法,运行成功:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
MyThread thread = new MyThread();
thread.start();
Log.e(TAG, "onCreate: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Message msg = Message.obtain(thread.handler, 1, 2, 3);
msg.sendToTarget();
}
}
class MyThread extends Thread {
private static final String TAG = "MyThread";
Handler handler;
@Override
public void run() {
Looper.prepare();
handler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
Log.e(TAG, "handleMessage: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
};
Log.e(TAG, "run: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
Looper.loop();
}
}
Looper
浅析
Looper
浅析
Looper
类用于为线程管理消息队列,默认线程没有消息队列,所以必须调用 Looper.prepare
方法进行创建,同时调用方法 loop
进行消息的传递
Android
教程给出了一个在线程中处理消息的例程:
class LooperThread extends Thread {
public Handler mHandler;
public void run() {
Looper.prepare();
mHandler = new Handler() {
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
// process incoming messages here
}
};
Looper.loop();
}
}
主线程中的 Looper
Android
系统已经在 main
函数运行时启动了消息队列,具体代码在 ActivityThread.java
的 main
方法中:
public static void main(String[] args) {
...
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
...
Looper.loop();
...
}
日志记录
类 Looper
提供了函数 setMessageLogging
,可以打印出消息调度开始和结束的信息:
/**
* Control logging of messages as they are processed by this Looper. If
* enabled, a log message will be written to <var>printer</var>
* at the beginning and ending of each message dispatch, identifying the
* target Handler and message contents.
*
* @param printer A Printer object that will receive log messages, or
* null to disable message logging.
*/
public void setMessageLogging(@Nullable Printer printer) {
mLogging = printer;
}
接口 Printer
结构如下:
/**
* Simple interface for printing text, allowing redirection to various
* targets. Standard implementations are {@link android.util.LogPrinter},
* {@link android.util.StringBuilderPrinter}, and
* {@link android.util.PrintWriterPrinter}.
*/
public interface Printer {
/**
* Write a line of text to the output. There is no need to terminate
* the given string with a newline.
*/
void println(String x);
}
println
仅包含一个函数,
Android系统也提供了
3个实现类,其中类
LogPrinter可以将日志打印在
LogCat` 上:
/**
* Implementation of a {@link android.util.Printer} that sends its output
* to the system log.
*/
public class LogPrinter implements Printer {
private final int mPriority;
private final String mTag;
private final int mBuffer;
/**
* Create a new Printer that sends to the log with the given priority
* and tag.
*
* @param priority The desired log priority:
* {@link android.util.Log#VERBOSE Log.VERBOSE},
* {@link android.util.Log#DEBUG Log.DEBUG},
* {@link android.util.Log#INFO Log.INFO},
* {@link android.util.Log#WARN Log.WARN}, or
* {@link android.util.Log#ERROR Log.ERROR}.
* @param tag A string tag to associate with each printed log statement.
*/
public LogPrinter(int priority, String tag) {
mPriority = priority;
mTag = tag;
mBuffer = Log.LOG_ID_MAIN;
}
/**
* @hide
* Same as above, but buffer is one of the LOG_ID_ constants from android.util.Log.
*/
public LogPrinter(int priority, String tag, int buffer) {
mPriority = priority;
mTag = tag;
mBuffer = buffer;
}
public void println(String x) {
Log.println_native(mBuffer, mPriority, mTag, x);
}
}
修改上面代码如下:
@Override
public void run() {
Looper.prepare();
Looper.myLooper().setMessageLogging(new LogPrinter(Log.ERROR, TAG));
...
Log.e(TAG, "run: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
Looper.loop();
}
Looper
终止
Looper
终止
由于 Looper.loop
是一个无限循环,所以如果在线程中绑定消息队列,必须显式终止,Looper 类提供了两个方法 quit()
和 quitSafely()
方法 quit
将舍弃未处理的消息;方法 quitSafely
将处理完消息队列中的消息后在结束
public void quit() {
mQueue.quit(false);
}
public void quitSafely() {
mQueue.quit(true);
}
由源码可知,它们均是调用了消息队列的 quit()
方法
void quit(boolean safe) {
if (!mQuitAllowed) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Main thread not allowed to quit.");
}
synchronized (this) {
if (mQuitting) {
return;
}
mQuitting = true;
if (safe) {
removeAllFutureMessagesLocked();
} else {
removeAllMessagesLocked();
}
// We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting was previously false.
nativeWake(mPtr);
}
}
由源码可知,主线程 Looper
对象不允许结束
如果参数 safe
为空,调用 removeAllMessagesLocked()
;否则,调用 removeAllFutureMessagesLocked()
private void removeAllMessagesLocked() {
Message p = mMessages;
while (p != null) {
Message n = p.next;
p.recycleUnchecked();
p = n;
}
mMessages = null;
}
private void removeAllFutureMessagesLocked() {
final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
Message p = mMessages;
if (p != null) {
if (p.when > now) {
removeAllMessagesLocked();
} else {
Message n;
for (;;) {
n = p.next;
if (n == null) {
return;
}
if (n.when > now) {
break;
}
p = n;
}
p.next = null;
do {
p = n;
n = p.next;
p.recycleUnchecked();
} while (n != null);
}
}
}
最终还是调用 Message
类的 recycleUnchecked()
方法,将实例返回线程池中