Documentation/arm64/memory.txt

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         Memory Layout on AArch64 Linux

           AArch64 Linux的内存布局

Author: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>

Date  : 20 February 2012

作者：Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>

日期：2012年2月20日

 

This document describes the virtual memory layout used by the AArch64

Linux kernel. The architecture allows up to 4 levels of translation

tables with a 4KB page size and up to 3 levels with a 64KB page size.

 

本文档介绍了AArch64 Linux内核使用的虚拟内存布局。该架构允许一个

4KB页大小的4个级别的和64KB页大小3个级别的转换表。

  

AArch64 Linux uses 3 levels of translation tables with the 4KB page 

configuration, allowing 39-bit (512GB) virtual addresses for both user

and kernel. With 64KB pages, only 2 levels of translation tables are

used but the memory layout is the same.

AArch64 Linux使用4KB页配置3个级别的翻译表，允许39位（512GB）的用户

和内核虚拟地址。64KB的页面，只有2级的转换表被使用，但存储器布局是一

样的。

User addresses have bits 63:39 set to 0 while the kernel addresses have

the same bits set to 1. TTBRx selection is given by bit 63 of the

virtual address. The swapper_pg_dir contains only kernel (global)

mappings while the user pgd contains only user (non-global) mappings.

The swapper_pgd_dir address is written to TTBR1 and never written to TTBR0.

有63:39位的用户地址设置为0，而具有相同位的内核地址设置为1。TTBRx选

择由63位的虚拟地址给予swapper_pg_dir包含内核（全球）映射而PGD用户只

包含唯一用户（非全局）的映射。swapper_pgd_dir地址被写定为TTBR1，从来

没有写过TTBR0。

AArch64 Linux memory layout：

Start                   End                     Size            Use

----------------------------------------------------------------- 0000000000000000     0000007fffffffff       512GB           user

ffffff8000000000       ffffffbbfffeffff      ~240GB          vmalloc

ffffffbbffff0000         ffffffbbffffffff       64KB          [guard page]

ffffffbc00000000       ffffffbdffffffff       8GB            vmemmap

ffffffbe00000000       ffffffbffbbfffff      ~8GB      [guard, future vmmemap]

ffffffbffbc00000        ffffffbffbdfffff       2MB         earlyprintk device

ffffffbffbe00000        ffffffbffbe0ffff      64KB          PCI I/O space

ffffffbbffff0000         ffffffbcffffffff      ~2MB          [guard]

ffffffbffc000000        ffffffbfffffffff       64MB          modules

ffffffc000000000       ffffffffffffffff      256GB       kernel logical memory map

AArch64 Linux的内存布局：

开始                     结束                     大小           使用

----------------------------------------------------------------- 0000000000000000     0000007fffffffff       512GB           user

ffffff8000000000      ffffffbbfffeffff      ~240GB          vmalloc

ffffffbbffff0000        ffffffbbffffffff       64KB          [guard page]

ffffffbc00000000      ffffffbdffffffff       8GB            vmemmap

ffffffbe00000000     ffffffbffbbfffff      ~8GB      [guard, future vmmemap]

ffffffbffbc00000      ffffffbffbdfffff       2MB         earlyprintk device

ffffffbffbe00000      ffffffbffbe0ffff      64KB          PCI I/O space

ffffffbbffff0000       ffffffbcffffffff      ~2MB          [guard]

ffffffbffc000000      ffffffbfffffffff       64MB          modules

ffffffc000000000     ffffffffffffffff      256GB       kernel logical memory map

Translation table lookup with 4KB pages:

+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+

 |63    56|55    48|47    40|39    32|31    24|23    16|15     8|7      0|

  +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+

   |                 |         |         |         |         |

   |                 |         |         |         |         v

   |                 |         |         |         |   [11:0]  in-page offset

   |                 |         |         |         +-> [20:12] L3 index

   |                 |         |         +-----------> [29:21] L2 index

   |                 |         +---------------------> [38:30] L1 index

   |                 +-------------------------------> [47:39] L0 index (not used)

   +-------------------------------------------------> [63] TTBR0/1

查找4KB页的转换表：

+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+

 |63    56|55    48|47    40|39    32|31    24|23    16|15     8|7      0|

  +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+

   |                 |         |         |         |         |

   |                 |         |         |         |         v

   |                 |         |         |         |   [11:0]  in-page offset

   |                 |         |         |         +-> [20:12] L3 index

   |                 |         |         +-----------> [29:21] L2 index

   |                 |         +---------------------> [38:30] L1 index

   |                 +-------------------------------> [47:39] L0 index (not used)

   +-------------------------------------------------> [63] TTBR0/1

Translation table lookup with 64KB pages:

+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+

  |63    56|55    48|47    40|39    32|31    24|23    16|15     8|7      0|

  +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+

  |                 |    |               |              |

  |                 |    |               |              v

   |                 |    |               |            [15:0]  in-page offset

  |                 |    |               +----------> [28:16] L3 index

   |                 |    +--------------------------> [41:29] L2 index (only 38:29 used)

   |                 +-------------------------------> [47:42] L1 index (not used)

   +-------------------------------------------------> [63] TTBR0/1

查找64KB页的转换表：

+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+

  |63    56|55    48|47    40|39    32|31    24|23    16|15     8|7      0|

  +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+

  |                 |    |               |              |

  |                 |    |               |              v

   |                 |    |               |            [15:0]  in-page offset

  |                 |    |               +----------> [28:16] L3 index

   |                 |    +--------------------------> [41:29] L2 index (only 38:29 used)

   |                 +-------------------------------> [47:42] L1 index (not used)

   +-------------------------------------------------> [63] TTBR0/1

When using KVM, the hypervisor maps kernel pages in EL2, at a fixed offset 

from the kernel VA (top 24 bits of the kernel VA set to zero):

Start                   End                     Size            Use

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

0000004000000000        0000007fffffffff         256GB          kernel objects mapped in HYP

使用KVM时，虚拟机管理程序在一个固定的偏移内核VA（前24位的内核VA设置为零）映射在

内核页的EL2：

Start                   End                     Size            Use

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

0000004000000000        0000007fffffffff         256GB          kernel objects mapped in HYP