Java网络编程---TCP编程模型小结

TCP一般用于C/S（客户端/服务器端）模式的应用程序，它们都会存在客户端和服务器端两个部分。

一、服务器端

对于服务器端，使用Java在java.net包下的API，它们的基本编程步骤如下：

（1）创建一个服务器端的Socket，指定一个端口号。Java提供了java.net.ServerSocket类来实现这一步，代码如下：

ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(port);

（2）开始监听来自客户端的请求要求。调用ServerSocket的accept()方法即可，代码如下：

ss.accept();

（3）获得输入/输出流。网络也属于I/O的一种，Java也是按照流对待它们，开发者一旦获取这些流对象后，就可以当成普通的文件输入、输出一样来使用。它们都来自于连接成功后的Socket对象，代码如下：

Socket socket = ss.accept();//accept获取socket对象
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();//获得输出流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();//获得输入流

（4）调用输入/输出流的read()或write()方法，进行数据的传输。如果是字符数据流则还可以用BufferedReader或PrintWriter进行数据传输，代码如下：

OutputStream os = s.getOutputStream();//获得输出流
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(os);//创建PrintWriter对象
pw.print("...");
pw.flush();//把缓存中的数据发送到对端，否则可能造成数据不能及时送达的后果
//或者
InputStream is = ss.getInputStream();//获得输入流
InputStreamRreader isr = new InputStreamReader(is);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);

（5）释放资源。关闭输入/输出流、Socket和ServerSocket对象，代码如下：

pw.close();//关闭输出流
socket.colse();//关闭socket
ss.close();//关闭serverSocket 

二、客户端

客户端的编程步骤基本差不多，只是少了创建ServerSocket对象，它直接去连接服务器端即可，步骤如下：

（1）创建Socket对象，建立与服务器端的连接，代码如下：

Socket socket = new Socket(IP, port);

（2）获取输入/输出流；

（3）调用输入/输出流的read()或wirte()方法，进行数据传输；

（4）释放资源，关闭输入/输出流、socket对象；

三、TCP编程示例

1、把服务器端时间发送到客户端

（服务器端）

import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.Date;

public class TCPServer01 {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(8888);//用端口号创建ServerSocket对象
		Socket socket = ss.accept();//监听来自客户端的请求
		OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();//获得输出流
		PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(os);//创建PrintWriter对象
		pw.print("now time = " + new Date());//向输出流中写入当前时间
		pw.flush();//清空缓存
		
		//关闭输出流和Socket
		pw.close();
		socket.close();
		ss.close();
	}
}

（客户端）

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.Socket;

public class TCPClient01 {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		Socket socket = new Socket("localhost", 8888);//用IP地址和端口创建Socket对象
		InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();//获得输入流
		InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is);
		BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
		String str = br.readLine();//读取数据
		System.out.println(str);//打印从服务器端来的数据
	}
}

2、服务器端与客户端通信

（服务器端）

public class TCPServer02 {

	private final static int BUFSIZE = 32;//Size of receive buffer
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		if(args.length != 1)
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Parameter(s):<Port>");
		
		int servPort = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
		
		// Create a server socket to accept client connection requests
		ServerSocket servSock = new ServerSocket(servPort);
		
		int recvMsgSize;// Size of received message
		byte[] receiveBuf = new byte[BUFSIZE];//Receive buffer
		
		while(true){//Run forever, accepting and servicing connections
			Socket clientSock = servSock.accept();//Get client connection
			SocketAddress clientAddress = clientSock.getRemoteSocketAddress();
			System.out.println("Handling client at " + clientAddress);
			
			InputStream in = clientSock.getInputStream();
			OutputStream out = clientSock.getOutputStream();
			
			// Receive until client closes connection, indicated by -1 return
			while((recvMsgSize = in.read(receiveBuf)) != -1)
				out.write(receiveBuf, 0, recvMsgSize);
			
			clientSock.close();//Close the socket.
		}
	}

}

（客户端）

public class TCPClient02 {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		if((args.length < 2) || (args.length > 3))
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Parameter(s):<Server><Word>[<Port>]");
		
		String server = args[0];//Server name or IP address		
		byte[] data = args[1].getBytes();// Convert argument String to bytes using the default character encoding		
		int servPort = (args.length == 3) ? Integer.parseInt(args[2]) : 7;//Set the server port
		
		// Create socket that is connected to server on specified port
		Socket socket = new Socket(server, servPort);
		System.out.println("Connected to server... sending echo string");
		
		//Socket的输入输出流
		InputStream in = socket.getInputStream();
		OutputStream out = socket.getOutputStream();
		
		//write()方法将指定的字节数组通过之前建立好的连接，传送到指定的服务器
		out.write(data);//Send the encoded string to the server
		
		//Receive the same string back from the server
		int totalBytesRcvd = 0;//Total bytes received so far
		int bytesRcvd;//Bytes received int last read
		while(totalBytesRcvd < data.length){
			//知道要从回馈服务器接收的字节数，就可以重复执行接收过程，直到接收了发送字节数相等的信息
			//所以这里read()需要3个参数：1)接收数据的数组；2)接收的第一个字节应该放入数组的位置；3)放入数组的最大字节数
			if((bytesRcvd = in.read(data, totalBytesRcvd,data.length - totalBytesRcvd)) == -1)
				throw new SocketException("Connection closed prematurelly");
			totalBytesRcvd += bytesRcvd;
		}//data array is full
		
		System.out.println("Received: " + new String(data));
		socket.close();//Close the socket and its stream
	}

}