SpringCloud 组件之集成 Feign 实现负载均衡
一、Feign 是什么?
Feign 是一个声明式 Web 服务客户端。它使编写 Web 服务客户端变得更加容易。只需要创建一个接口并添加注解就可以进行微服务的调用。
二、创建项目实现负载均衡
1.项目说明
新建项目 feign,项目下新建3个module:eureka-server、provider、consumer。
eureka-server:服务注册中心,provider 和 consumer 均注册至该中心。
provider:服务提供者,启动2个不同端口实例,启动方法见:IDEA一个服务启动多个实例的方法
consumer:服务消费者,调用 provider 的服务。
项目目录结构:
2.创建 Maven 空项目 feign
由于src目录不再用到,创建后将src目录删除。
3.创建模块 eureka-server
(1).添加依赖
添加依赖,如果已按截图操作,pom.xml 的内容会自动生成:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.6.3</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.chaoyue</groupId>
<artifactId>eureka-server</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>eureka-server</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>2021.0.0</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
(2).添加配置
application.yml 文件中添加如下配置:
server:
port: 8080 #服务注册中心端口
eureka:
instance:
hostname: 127.0.0.1 #服务注册中心IP地址
client:
registerWithEureka: false #是否向服务注册中心注册自己
fetchRegistry: false #是否检索服务
serviceUrl: #服务注册中心链接,指定服务注册中心的位置
defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
(3).启动类添加注解
启动类添加注解 @EnableEurekaServer
package com.chaoyue.eurekaserver;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
}
}
(4).启动服务
运行服务后,浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080/
4.创建模块 provider
(1).添加依赖
添加依赖,如果已按截图操作,pom.xml 的内容会自动生成:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.6.3</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.chaoyue</groupId>
<artifactId>provider</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>provider</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>2021.0.0</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
(2).添加配置
application.yml 文件中添加如下配置:
server:
port: 8081 #服务端口
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl: #注册中心注册地址
defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:8080/eureka/
spring:
application:
name: service-provider #服务名称
(3).启动类添加注解
启动类添加注解 @EnableEurekaClient
package com.chaoyue.provider;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ProviderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ProviderApplication.class, args);
}
}
(4).新建控制类
package com.chaoyue.provider.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@Value("${server.port}")
private String port;
@GetMapping("/sayHi")
public String sayHi() {
return "Hi,我来自端口:" + port;
}
}
(5).启动服务
启动2个实例,以测试是否实现负载均衡。启动方法见:IDEA一个服务启动多个实例的方法
5.创建模块 consumer
(1).添加依赖
添加依赖,如果已按截图操作,pom.xml 的内容会自动生成:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.6.3</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.chaoyue</groupId>
<artifactId>consumer</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>consumer</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>2021.0.0</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
(2).添加配置
application.yml 文件中添加如下配置:
server:
port: 8082 #服务端口
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl: #注册中心注册地址
defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:8080/eureka/
spring:
application:
name: service-consumer #服务名称
(3).启动类添加注解
启动类添加注解 @EnableEurekaClient 和 @EnableFeignClients
package com.chaoyue.consumer;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class ConsumerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class, args);
}
}
(4).新建 Feign 接口
package com.chaoyue.consumer.feignClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
@FeignClient(name = "service-provider")
public interface HelloFeignClient {
@RequestMapping(value = "/sayHi", method = RequestMethod.GET)
String sayHi();
}
(5).新建控制类
package com.chaoyue.consumer.controller;
import com.chaoyue.consumer.feignClient.HelloFeignClient;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@Autowired
private HelloFeignClient helloFeignClient;
@RequestMapping(value = "/sayHi")
public String sayHi() {
return helloFeignClient.sayHi();
}
}
(6).启动服务
启动服务后,浏览器输入:http://localhost:8082/sayHi
刷新页面会轮流返回:
Hi,我来自端口:8081
Hi,我来自端口:8083