STM32系统启动文件分析

STM32启动代码分析（汇编代码）

启动代码的选择

• 根据自己芯片的选型不同，选择下面不同的启动文件，由于不同容量的启动文件里面所定义的外设中断向量地址在数量上不同，比如小容量的定义了USART1~3而大容量里面却是USART1~5，这样，所定义的4和5的串口中断机在向量表中找不到，会跳转到B. 处死循环。

startup_stm32f10x_ld.s
startup_stm32f10x_md.s
startup_stm32f10x_hd.s
其中，ld.s适用于小容量 产品；md.s适用于中等容量产品；hd适用于大容量产品；
这里的容量是指FLASH的大小.判断方法如下：
小容量：FLASH≤32K
中容量：64K≤FLASH≤128K
大容量：256K≤FLASH

启动代码源码注释分析（此处为V3.5.0版本固件）

因启动代码为汇编代码，所以下面代码中使用//双斜线做注释只是为了能更加清晰的阅读。

;******************** (C) COPYRIGHT 2011 STMicroelectronics ********************
;* File Name          : startup_stm32f10x_hd.s
;* Author             : MCD Application Team
;* Version            : V3.5.0
;* Date               : 11-March-2011
;* Description        : STM32F10x High Density Devices vector table for MDK-ARM 
;*                      toolchain. 
;*                      This module performs:
;*                      - Set the initial SP
;*                      - Set the initial PC == Reset_Handler
;*                      - Set the vector table entries with the exceptions ISR address
;*                      - Configure the clock system and also configure the external 
;*                        SRAM mounted on STM3210E-EVAL board to be used as data 
;*                        memory (optional, to be enabled by user)
;*                      - Branches to __main in the C library (which eventually
;*                        calls main()).
;*                      After Reset the CortexM3 processor is in Thread mode,
;*                      priority is Privileged, and the Stack is set to Main.
;* <<< Use Configuration Wizard in Context Menu >>>   
;*******************************************************************************
; THE PRESENT FIRMWARE WHICH IS FOR GUIDANCE ONLY AIMS AT PROVIDING CUSTOMERS
; WITH CODING INFORMATION REGARDING THEIR PRODUCTS IN ORDER FOR THEM TO SAVE TIME.
; AS A RESULT, STMICROELECTRONICS SHALL NOT BE HELD LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
; INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WITH RESPECT TO ANY CLAIMS ARISING FROM THE
; CONTENT OF SUCH FIRMWARE AND/OR THE USE MADE BY CUSTOMERS OF THE CODING
; INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IN CONNECTION WITH THEIR PRODUCTS.
;*******************************************************************************

; Amount of memory (in bytes) allocated for Stack
; Tailor this value to your application needs
; <h> Stack Configuration
;   <o> Stack Size (in Bytes) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>
; </h>

//栈大小定义，相当于C语言里的宏定义  1Kbyte
Stack_Size      EQU     0x00000400

//定义堆栈段，8字节对齐，注意，是可读写！！而我们的闪存flash是要擦除后才能写的,这就有问题了，
//说明我们的堆栈段不可能是安排在Flash闪存上的，那安排在哪呢？当然是内部20k的SRAM上啦！
                AREA    STACK, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3

//stack_Mem为堆栈的底部，SPACE表示存储Stack_size个 分配单元
Stack_Mem       SPACE   Stack_Size

//__initial_sp很显然表示的是栈顶地址
__initial_sp

; <h> Heap Configuration
;   <o>  Heap Size (in Bytes) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>
; </h>

//下面是在SRAM上分配堆空间，大小为512byte
Heap_Size       EQU     0x00000200

                AREA    HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3

//__heap_base和Heap_Mem为堆起始地址       
__heap_base
Heap_Mem        SPACE   Heap_Size

//__heap_limit为堆结束的地址
__heap_limit

//8字节对齐,在keil中必须要这一条
                PRESERVE8

//使用的是thumb指令集，但是cortex-m3是thumb-2版本，16位和32位的指令都有                
                THUMB


; Vector Table Mapped to Address 0 at Reset
//只读代码段
                AREA    RESET, DATA, READONLY

//导出__Vectors中断向量表起始地址,相当于在此声明__Vectors为一个全局变量,别的文件时可以访问到的                 
                EXPORT  __Vectors
                EXPORT  __Vectors_End
                EXPORT  __Vectors_Size

//前面说过0x0地址必须放堆栈顶地址
__Vectors       DCD     __initial_sp               ; Top of Stack

//接下来是一些异常向量表，当发生该异常时，PC将会跳到这里执行
                DCD     Reset_Handler              ; Reset Handler( 0x0000 0004)
                DCD     NMI_Handler                ; NMI Handler
                DCD     HardFault_Handler          ; Hard Fault Handler
                DCD     MemManage_Handler          ; MPU Fault Handler
                DCD     BusFault_Handler           ; Bus Fault Handler
                DCD     UsageFault_Handler         ; Usage Fault Handler
                DCD     0                          ; Reserved
                DCD     0                          ; Reserved
                DCD     0                          ; Reserved
                DCD     0                          ; Reserved
                DCD     SVC_Handler                ; SVCall Handler
                DCD     DebugMon_Handler           ; Debug Monitor Handler
                DCD     0                          ; Reserved
                DCD     PendSV_Handler             ; PendSV Handler
                DCD     SysTick_Handler            ; SysTick Handler

//下面是外部中断的向量表
                ; External Interrupts
                DCD     WWDG_IRQHandler            ; Window Watchdog
                DCD     PVD_IRQHandler             ; PVD through EXTI Line detect
                DCD     TAMPER_IRQHandler          ; Tamper
                DCD     RTC_IRQHandler             ; RTC
                DCD     FLASH_IRQHandler           ; Flash
                DCD     RCC_IRQHandler             ; RCC
                DCD     EXTI0_IRQHandler           ; EXTI Line 0
                DCD     EXTI1_IRQHandler           ; EXTI Line 1
                DCD     EXTI2_IRQHandler           ; EXTI Line 2
                DCD     EXTI3_IRQHandler           ; EXTI Line 3
                DCD     EXTI4_IRQHandler           ; EXTI Line 4
                DCD     DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler   ; DMA1 Channel 1
                DCD     DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler   ; DMA1 Channel 2
                DCD     DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler   ; DMA1 Channel 3
                DCD     DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler   ; DMA1 Channel 4
                DCD     DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler   ; DMA1 Channel 5
                DCD     DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler   ; DMA1 Channel 6
                DCD     DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler   ; DMA1 Channel 7
                DCD     ADC1_2_IRQHandler          ; ADC1 & ADC2
                DCD     USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler  ; USB High Priority or CAN1 TX
                DCD     USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler ; USB Low  Priority or CAN1 RX0
                DCD     CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler        ; CAN1 RX1
                DCD     CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler        ; CAN1 SCE
                DCD     EXTI9_5_IRQHandler         ; EXTI Line 9..5
                DCD     TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler        ; TIM1 Break
                DCD     TIM1_UP_IRQHandler         ; TIM1 Update
                DCD     TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler    ; TIM1 Trigger and Commutation
                DCD     TIM1_CC_IRQHandler         ; TIM1 Capture Compare
                DCD     TIM2_IRQHandler            ; TIM2
                DCD     TIM3_IRQHandler            ; TIM3
                DCD     TIM4_IRQHandler            ; TIM4
                DCD     I2C1_EV_IRQHandler         ; I2C1 Event
                DCD     I2C1_ER_IRQHandler         ; I2C1 Error
                DCD     I2C2_EV_IRQHandler         ; I2C2 Event
                DCD     I2C2_ER_IRQHandler         ; I2C2 Error
                DCD     SPI1_IRQHandler            ; SPI1
                DCD     SPI2_IRQHandler            ; SPI2
                DCD     USART1_IRQHandler          ; USART1
                DCD     USART2_IRQHandler          ; USART2
                DCD     USART3_IRQHandler          ; USART3
                DCD     EXTI15_10_IRQHandler       ; EXTI Line 15..10
                DCD     RTCAlarm_IRQHandler        ; RTC Alarm through EXTI Line
                DCD     USBWakeUp_IRQHandler       ; USB Wakeup from suspend
                DCD     TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler        ; TIM8 Break
                DCD     TIM8_UP_IRQHandler         ; TIM8 Update
                DCD     TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler    ; TIM8 Trigger and Commutation
                DCD     TIM8_CC_IRQHandler         ; TIM8 Capture Compare
                DCD     ADC3_IRQHandler            ; ADC3
                DCD     FSMC_IRQHandler            ; FSMC
                DCD     SDIO_IRQHandler            ; SDIO
                DCD     TIM5_IRQHandler            ; TIM5
                DCD     SPI3_IRQHandler            ; SPI3
                DCD     UART4_IRQHandler           ; UART4
                DCD     UART5_IRQHandler           ; UART5
                DCD     TIM6_IRQHandler            ; TIM6
                DCD     TIM7_IRQHandler            ; TIM7
                DCD     DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler   ; DMA2 Channel1
                DCD     DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler   ; DMA2 Channel2
                DCD     DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler   ; DMA2 Channel3
                DCD     DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel4 & Channel5
__Vectors_End

__Vectors_Size  EQU  __Vectors_End - __Vectors

//声明代码段|.text|是约定的代码段名称
                AREA    |.text|, CODE, READONLY

; Reset handler
//中断异常向量的函数指针
Reset_Handler   PROC

//此处该符号[WEAK]表示如果外部有同名符号，外部该同名符号是优先使用的
                EXPORT  Reset_Handler             [WEAK]

//这里先跳到SystemInit函数，进行系统时钟RCC初始化设置和Flash向量中断设置。
//__main标号起始不是我们C语言中的main函数，而是C/C++标准实时库函数里的一个初始化子程序__main的入口地址，
//该程序的一个主要作用是初始化堆栈(对于我们的程序来说是跳转到后面的_user_initial_stackheap标号处进行初
//始化堆栈),并初始化映象文件，最后跳转到C程序的main函数。
                IMPORT  __main
                IMPORT  SystemInit
                LDR     R0, =SystemInit
                BLX     R0               
                LDR     R0, =__main
                BX      R0
                ENDP

; Dummy Exception Handlers (infinite loops which can be modified)
//下面就是其他向量的函数地址了，这里只是简单的死循环，不做任何处理，然而很有意思的是，他们都EXPORT…[WEAK]了，
//所以，当我们要设置该异常的中断向量函数时，以我们设置的同名标号为准，这就是我们经常在keil中写的各个外部中断
//的handler了，然而，当没有设置这个异常的中断函数就引发了该中断，程序就会死在中断函数入口了。
NMI_Handler     PROC
                EXPORT  NMI_Handler                [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
HardFault_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  HardFault_Handler          [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
MemManage_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  MemManage_Handler          [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
BusFault_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  BusFault_Handler           [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
UsageFault_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  UsageFault_Handler         [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
SVC_Handler     PROC
                EXPORT  SVC_Handler                [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
DebugMon_Handler\
                PROC
                EXPORT  DebugMon_Handler           [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
PendSV_Handler  PROC
                EXPORT  PendSV_Handler             [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP
SysTick_Handler PROC
                EXPORT  SysTick_Handler            [WEAK]
                B       .
                ENDP

Default_Handler PROC

                EXPORT  WWDG_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  PVD_IRQHandler             [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TAMPER_IRQHandler          [WEAK]
                EXPORT  RTC_IRQHandler             [WEAK]
                EXPORT  FLASH_IRQHandler           [WEAK]
                EXPORT  RCC_IRQHandler             [WEAK]
                EXPORT  EXTI0_IRQHandler           [WEAK]
                EXPORT  EXTI1_IRQHandler           [WEAK]
                EXPORT  EXTI2_IRQHandler           [WEAK]
                EXPORT  EXTI3_IRQHandler           [WEAK]
                EXPORT  EXTI4_IRQHandler           [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  ADC1_2_IRQHandler          [WEAK]
                EXPORT  USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler  [WEAK]
                EXPORT  USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler [WEAK]
                EXPORT  CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler        [WEAK]
                EXPORT  CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler        [WEAK]
                EXPORT  EXTI9_5_IRQHandler         [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler        [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM1_UP_IRQHandler         [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler    [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM1_CC_IRQHandler         [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM2_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM3_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM4_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  I2C1_EV_IRQHandler         [WEAK]
                EXPORT  I2C1_ER_IRQHandler         [WEAK]
                EXPORT  I2C2_EV_IRQHandler         [WEAK]
                EXPORT  I2C2_ER_IRQHandler         [WEAK]
                EXPORT  SPI1_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  SPI2_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  USART1_IRQHandler          [WEAK]
                EXPORT  USART2_IRQHandler          [WEAK]
                EXPORT  USART3_IRQHandler          [WEAK]
                EXPORT  EXTI15_10_IRQHandler       [WEAK]
                EXPORT  RTCAlarm_IRQHandler        [WEAK]
                EXPORT  USBWakeUp_IRQHandler       [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler        [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM8_UP_IRQHandler         [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler    [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM8_CC_IRQHandler         [WEAK]
                EXPORT  ADC3_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  FSMC_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  SDIO_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM5_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  SPI3_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  UART4_IRQHandler           [WEAK]
                EXPORT  UART5_IRQHandler           [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM6_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  TIM7_IRQHandler            [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler   [WEAK]
                EXPORT  DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler [WEAK]

WWDG_IRQHandler
PVD_IRQHandler
TAMPER_IRQHandler
RTC_IRQHandler
FLASH_IRQHandler
RCC_IRQHandler
EXTI0_IRQHandler
EXTI1_IRQHandler
EXTI2_IRQHandler
EXTI3_IRQHandler
EXTI4_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler
DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler
ADC1_2_IRQHandler
USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler
USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler
CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler
CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler
EXTI9_5_IRQHandler
TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler
TIM1_UP_IRQHandler
TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler
TIM1_CC_IRQHandler
TIM2_IRQHandler
TIM3_IRQHandler
TIM4_IRQHandler
I2C1_EV_IRQHandler
I2C1_ER_IRQHandler
I2C2_EV_IRQHandler
I2C2_ER_IRQHandler
SPI1_IRQHandler
SPI2_IRQHandler
USART1_IRQHandler
USART2_IRQHandler
USART3_IRQHandler
EXTI15_10_IRQHandler
RTCAlarm_IRQHandler
USBWakeUp_IRQHandler
TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler
TIM8_UP_IRQHandler
TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler
TIM8_CC_IRQHandler
ADC3_IRQHandler
FSMC_IRQHandler
SDIO_IRQHandler
TIM5_IRQHandler
SPI3_IRQHandler
UART4_IRQHandler
UART5_IRQHandler
TIM6_IRQHandler
TIM7_IRQHandler
DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler
DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler
DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler
DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler
                B       .

                ENDP

// 字对齐(32位)
                ALIGN

;*******************************************************************************
; User Stack and Heap initialization
;*******************************************************************************
                 IF      :DEF:__MICROLIB
//导出栈顶，堆头和堆尾地址                
                 EXPORT  __initial_sp
                 EXPORT  __heap_base
                 EXPORT  __heap_limit

                 ELSE

                 IMPORT  __use_two_region_memory

//一个小函数，我们前面提到在__main中会调用他来初始化堆栈                 
                 EXPORT  __user_initial_stackheap

__user_initial_stackheap

 //传入这些关于堆栈的地址，作为参数
                 LDR     R0, =  Heap_Mem
                 LDR     R1, =(Stack_Mem + Stack_Size)
                 LDR     R2, = (Heap_Mem +  Heap_Size)
                 LDR     R3, = Stack_Mem

 //调回__mian中调用__user_initial_stackheap的地方去                 
                 BX      LR

                 ALIGN

                 ENDIF

//汇编结束
                 END

;******************* (C) COPYRIGHT 2011 STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE*****