6.字典

字典在我们日常开发中也是比较常用的，通过下面的代码我们看一下在ObjC中的字典的常用操作：初始化、遍历、排序

//
//  main.m
//  FoundationFramework
//
//  Created by Kenshin Cui on 14-2-16.
//  Copyright (c) 2014年 Kenshin Cui. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>


void test1(){
    NSDictionary *dic1=[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"1" forKey:@"a"];
    NSLog(@"%@",dic1);
    /*结果：
     {
        a = 1;
     }
     */
    
    //常用的方式
    NSDictionary *dic2=[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:
                        @"1",@"a",
                        @"2",@"b",
                        @"3",@"c",
                        nil];
    NSLog(@"%@",dic2);
    /*结果：
     {
         a = 1;
         b = 2;
         c = 3;
     }
     */
    
    
    NSDictionary *dic3=[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjects:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"1",@"2", nil] forKeys:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"b", nil]];
    NSLog(@"%@",dic3);
    /*结果：
     {
         a = 1;
         b = 2;
     }
     */
    
    
    //更简单的方式
    NSDictionary *dic4=@{@"1":@"a",@"2":@"b",@"3":@"c"};
    NSLog(@"%@",dic4);
    /*结果：
     {
         1 = a;
         2 = b;
         3 = c;
     }
     */
}
void test2(){
    NSDictionary *dic1=[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:
                        @"1",@"a",
                        @"2",@"b",
                        @"3",@"c",
                        @"2",@"d",
                        nil];
    NSLog(@"%zi",[dic1 count]); //结果：4
    NSLog(@"%@",[dic1 valueForKey:@"b"]);//根据键取得值，结果：2
    NSLog(@"%@",dic1[@"b"]);//还可以这样读取，结果：2
    NSLog(@"%@,%@",[dic1 allKeys],[dic1 allValues]);
    /*结果：
     (
         d,
         b,
         c,
         a
     ),(
         2,
         2,
         3,
         1
     )

     */
    
    NSLog(@"%@",[dic1 objectsForKeys:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"a",@"e" , nil]notFoundMarker:@"not fount"]);//后面一个参数notFoundMarker是如果找不到对应的key用什么值代替
    /*结果：
     (
         1,
         "not fount"
     )
     */
}
void test3(){
    NSDictionary *dic1=[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:
                        @"1",@"a",
                        @"2",@"b",
                        @"3",@"c",
                        @"2",@"d",
                        nil];
    //遍历1
    for (id key in dic1) {//注意对于字典for遍历循环的是key
        NSLog(@"%@=%@",key,[dic1 objectForKey:key]);
    }
    /*结果：
     d=2
     b=2
     c=3
     a=1
     */
    
    //遍历2
    NSEnumerator *enumerator=[dic1 keyEnumerator];//还有值的迭代器[dic1 objectEnumerator]
    id key=nil;
    while (key=[enumerator nextObject]) {
        NSLog(@"%@=%@",key,[dic1 objectForKey:key]);
        
    }
    /*结果：
     d=2
     b=2
     c=3
     a=1
     */
    
    //遍历3
    [dic1 enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(id key, id obj, BOOL *stop) {
        NSLog(@"%@=%@",key,obj);
    }];
    /*结果：
     d=2
     b=2
     c=3
     a=1
     */
}

void test4(){
    NSMutableDictionary *dic=[NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"1",@"a",
                              @"2",@"b",
                              @"3",@"c",
                              @"2",@"d",
                            nil];
    [dic removeObjectForKey:@"b"];
    NSLog(@"%@",dic);
    /*结果：
     {
         a = 1;
         c = 3;
         d = 2;
     }
     */
    
    [dic addEntriesFromDictionary:@{@"e":@"7",@"f":@"6"}];
    NSLog(@"%@",dic);
    /*结果：
     {
         a = 1;
         c = 3;
         d = 2;
         e = 7;
         f = 6;
     }
     */
    
    [dic setValue:@"5" forKey:@"a"];
    NSLog(@"%@",dic);
    /*结果：
     {
         a = 5;
         c = 3;
         d = 2;
         e = 7;
         f = 6;
     }
     */
     
    
    //注意，一个字典的key或value添加到字典中时计数器+1；字典释放时调用key或value的release一次，计数器-1
}


int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    test1();
    test2();
    test3();
    test4();
    return 0;
}

注意：同数组一样，不管是可变字典还是不可变字典初始化元素后面必须加上nil以表示结束。