关于粘包与拆包的概念这里不再熬术,下面举一个粘包的例子:
客户端启动的时候向服务端写入了10条消息,然后服务端接收到消息之后,回写客户端一条UUID,客户端打印服务端发过来的UUID
MyServer:
public class MyServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try{
ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup,workerGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.childHandler(new MyServerInitializer());
ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(8899).sync();
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
}finally{
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
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MyClientIniatializer:
public class MyClientIniatializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline pipline = ch.pipeline();
pipline.addLast(new MyClientHandler());
}
}
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MyServerHandler:
public class MyServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<ByteBuf> {
private int count ;
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf msg) throws Exception {
byte[] buffer = new byte[msg.readableBytes()] ;
msg.readBytes(buffer);//注意buffer的长度必须和msg.readableBytes()一样,否则报错,这是netty规定的
String message = new String(buffer, Charset.forName("utf-8"));
System.out.println("服务端接收到的消息:"+message);
System.out.println("服务端接收到的消息数量:"+(++this.count));
ByteBuf responseMessage = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(UUID.randomUUID().toString(),Charset.forName("utf-8"));
ctx.writeAndFlush(responseMessage);
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
cause.printStackTrace();
ctx.close();
}
}
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Myclient:
public class Myclient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
EventLoopGroup eventLoopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
bootstrap.group(eventLoopGroup).channel(NioSocketChannel.class).handler(new MyClientIniatializer());
ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect("localhost", 8899).sync();
channelFuture.channel().writeAndFlush("hello");
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
eventLoopGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
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MyClientIniatializer:
public class MyClientIniatializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline pipline = ch.pipeline();
pipline.addLast(new MyClientHandler());
}
}
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MyClientHandler:
public class MyClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<ByteBuf> {
private int count;
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf msg) throws Exception {
byte[] buffer = new byte[msg.readableBytes()];
msg.readBytes(buffer);
String message = new String(buffer,Charset.forName("utf-8"));
System.out.println("客户端接收到的消息内容:"+message);
System.out.println("客户端接收到的消息数量:"+(++this.count));
}
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
for(int i = 0;i <10;i++){
ByteBuf buffer = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("sent from client",Charset.forName("utf-8"));
ctx.writeAndFlush(buffer);
}
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
super.exceptionCaught(ctx, cause);
ctx.close();
}
}
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服务端打印结果:
服务端接收到的消息:sent from clientsent from clientsent from clientsent from clientsent from clientsent from clientsent from clientsent from clientsent from clientsent from client
服务端接收到的消息数量:1
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客户端打印结果:
客户端接收到的消息内容:8c260c09-8a9d-4491-9bf7-ff5c5c8f790c
客户端接收到的消息数量:1
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很多人认为客户端应该收到10条UUID才对,但是这里协议进行了粘包,将客户端的10条消息作为一条消息发给我服务端,才导致服务端只打印了一天消息(10条客户端消息的集合)而且只接受了一次,因此服务端打印的接收数量是1。
此时我们把客户端关闭,然后重新连接服务端,我们重复2次这个过程。
服务端打印结果:
服务端接收到的消息:sent from clientsent from clientsent from clientsent from clientsent from clientsent from clientsent from clientsent from clientsent from clientsent from client
服务端接收到的消息数量:1
服务端接收到的消息:sent from client
服务端接收到的消息数量:1
服务端接收到的消息:sent from client
服务端接收到的消息数量:2
服务端接收到的消息:sent from clientsent from clientsent from client
服务端接收到的消息数量:3
服务端接收到的消息:sent from clientsent from client
服务端接收到的消息数量:4
服务端接收到的消息:sent from clientsent from clientsent from client
服务端接收到的消息数量:5
服务端接收到的消息:sent from client
服务端接收到的消息数量:1
服务端接收到的消息:sent from client
服务端接收到的消息数量:2
服务端接收到的消息:sent from clientsent from clientsent from clientsent from client
服务端接收到的消息数量:3
服务端接收到的消息:sent from clientsent from client
服务端接收到的消息数量:4
服务端接收到的消息:sent from clientsent from client
服务端接收到的消息数量:5
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疑问是为什么MyServerHandler里边的count会重新从1开始?
其实这里的MyServerInitializer每当有一个客户端连接上来的时候都会新建一个MyServerHandler,也就会初始化MyServerHandler的count,因此出现这样的结果。
这样的现象是tcp协议的一部分,我们在使用netty的时候可以通过编解码器来解决tcp粘包和拆包的问题。