使用libusb自动获取usb串口设备名
原理
tty设备会在/sys/class/tty目录下生成对应的设备名文件,该文件是一个软连接, 由于软连接路径中包含了usb的端口号，所以我们可以通过读取tty目录下文件的软链接查询某个usb端口的tty设备名。
/sys/class/tty # ls -lh
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jan 2 05:56 console -> ../../devices/virtual/tty/console
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jan 2 05:56 ptmx -> ../../devices/virtual/tty/ptmx
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jan 2 05:56 tty -> ../../devices/virtual/tty/tty
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jan 2 05:56 tty0 -> ../../devices/virtual/tty/tty0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jan 2 05:56 tty1 -> ../../devices/virtual/tty/tty1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jan 2 05:56 ttyAMA4 -> ../../devices/platform/soc/soc:amba/120a4000.uart/tty/ttyAMA4
...
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jan 2 06:35 ttyUSB0 -> ../../devices/platform/soc/100e0000.xhci_0/usb1/1-1/1-1.4/1-1.4:1.0/ttyUSB0/tty/ttyUSB0
libusb提供了监听usb设备插拔检测的接口，可以获取到（已）插入设备的vid，pid和端口号，所以我们可以通过libusb提供的接口使用vid，pid，或者端口号方式获取usb tty设备名。当然，用了libusb可以直接其相关api去读写设备，不用走open方式，这里就不介绍。
代码比较简单，就没注释了。另外，libusb.so需要自己编译，我使用的是海思的编译工具（CROSS_COMPILE = arm-himix200-linux-），所以.so可能跟你的不一样，libusb如何编译自行搜索，这里就不介绍了。
调用usb_tty_detect_init注册回调即可监听usb tty设备，如果不是tty设备, ttyName将返回null。具体设备名需要自己根据vid pid或者端口号去判断usb设备名。
注意注册usb_arrived_callback时的flag要设置为LIBUSB_HOTPLUG_ENUMERATE，已插入的设备才会触发回调。
如果端口有多个设备，设备名以空格隔开，“ttyUSB0 ttyUSB1"。
由于触发回调时可能还未在/sys/class/tty生成软连接,生成速度也不一样，所以这里我sleep了1s。
- usb_tty_detect.c
// #include <jni.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <linux/limits.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include "libusb.h"
#include "usb_tty_detect.h"
struct usb_tty_detect {
int usb_handle_task_exit;
libusb_context *usb_context;
pthread_t usb_handle_thread;
libusb_hotplug_callback_handle usb_attached_handle;
libusb_hotplug_callback_handle usb_detached_handle;
int (*g_usb_attached_callback)(int vid, int pid, const char *port_num, const char *ttyName);
int (*g_usb_detached_callback)(int vid, int pid, const char *port_num);
};
void *usb_handle_events_task(void *param)
{
usb_tty_detect_t *tty_handle = (usb_tty_detect_t *)param;
while (tty_handle && tty_handle->usb_handle_task_exit != 1) {
usleep(100*1000);
libusb_handle_events_completed(tty_handle->usb_context, NULL);
}
return (void *)0;
}
int is_slink(char *file)
{
struct stat file_stat= {0};
if (lstat(file, &file_stat) == -1)
return 0;
return S_ISLNK(file_stat.st_mode) ? 1 : 0;
}
static int LIBUSB_CALL usb_arrived_callback(struct libusb_context *ctx,
struct libusb_device *dev,
libusb_hotplug_event event, void *userdata)
{
DIR *dir;
struct dirent *ptr;
char file[PATH_MAX] = {0};
char link_path[PATH_MAX] = {0};
struct libusb_device_descriptor desc;
int bus_num;
uint8_t port_num[32] = {0};
char port_num_path_key[128] = {0};
uint8_t i, port_num_len = 0;
static char port_num_path[32] = {0};
static char ttyName[256] = {0};
char *p_ttyName = NULL;
usb_tty_detect_t *tty_handle = (usb_tty_detect_t *)userdata;
libusb_get_device_descriptor(dev, &desc);
bus_num = libusb_get_bus_number(dev);
sprintf(port_num_path_key, "/%d", bus_num);
memset(port_num_path, 0, sizeof(port_num_path));
sprintf(port_num_path, "%d", bus_num);
port_num_len = libusb_get_port_numbers(dev, port_num, 32);
if (port_num_len) {
sprintf(port_num_path, "%s-", port_num_path);
sprintf(port_num_path_key, "%s-", port_num_path_key);
for (i = 0; i < port_num_len; ++i) {
// LOG_D("port_num[%d]: %d\r\n", i, port_num[i]);
sprintf(port_num_path_key, "%s%d", port_num_path_key, port_num[i]);
sprintf(port_num_path, "%s%d", port_num_path, port_num[i]);
if (i+1 < port_num_len) {
sprintf(port_num_path_key, "%s.", port_num_path_key);
sprintf(port_num_path, "%s.", port_num_path);
}
}
}
sprintf(port_num_path_key, "%s/", port_num_path_key);
if (desc.bDeviceClass == LIBUSB_CLASS_HUB) {
goto OUT;
}
if ((dir=opendir("/sys/class/tty")) == NULL) {
goto OUT;
}
// usleep(1000*500); //等待生成软链接
sleep(1);
memset(ttyName, 0, sizeof(ttyName));
while ((ptr=readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
if(strcmp(ptr->d_name, ".") == 0 || strcmp(ptr->d_name, "..") == 0) ///current dir OR parrent dir
continue;
sprintf(file, "/sys/class/tty/%s", ptr->d_name);
memset(link_path, 0, PATH_MAX);
if (is_slink(file) && readlink(file, link_path, PATH_MAX)) {
if (strstr(link_path, port_num_path_key)) {
printf("dev is tty: %s\r\n", ptr->d_name);
if (p_ttyName == NULL) {
sprintf(ttyName, "%s", ptr->d_name);
} else {
sprintf(ttyName, "%s %s", ttyName, ptr->d_name);
}
p_ttyName = ttyName;
}
}
}
closedir(dir);
if (p_ttyName)
printf("ttyName: %s\r\n", p_ttyName);
OUT:
if (tty_handle->g_usb_attached_callback)
tty_handle->g_usb_attached_callback(desc.idVendor, desc.idProduct, port_num_path, p_ttyName);
return 0;
}
static int LIBUSB_CALL usb_left_callback(struct libusb_context *ctx,
struct libusb_device *dev,
libusb_hotplug_event event, void *userdata)
{
struct libusb_device_descriptor desc;
int bus_num;
uint8_t port_num[32] = {0};
static char port_num_path[32] = {0};
uint8_t i, port_num_len = 0;
usb_tty_detect_t *tty_handle = (usb_tty_detect_t *)userdata;
libusb_get_device_descriptor(dev, &desc);
bus_num = libusb_get_bus_number(dev);
sprintf(port_num_path, "%d", bus_num);
port_num_len = libusb_get_port_numbers(dev, port_num, 32);
if (port_num_len) {
sprintf(port_num_path, "%s-", port_num_path);
for (i = 0; i < port_num_len; ++i) {
sprintf(port_num_path, "%s%d", port_num_path, port_num[i]);
if (i+1 < port_num_len)
sprintf(port_num_path, "%s.", port_num_path);
}
}
if (tty_handle->g_usb_detached_callback)
tty_handle->g_usb_detached_callback(desc.idVendor, desc.idProduct, port_num_path);
return 0;
}
usb_tty_detect_t *usb_tty_detect_init(int (*usb_attached_callback)(int vid, int pid, const char *port_num, const char *ttyName),
int (*usb_detached_callback)(int vid, int pid, const char *port_num))
{
int ret = -1;
usb_tty_detect_t *tty_handle;
tty_handle = (usb_tty_detect_t *)malloc(sizeof(usb_tty_detect_t));
if (NULL == tty_handle) {
goto ERR1;
}
memset(tty_handle, 0x0, sizeof(usb_tty_detect_t));
tty_handle->g_usb_attached_callback = usb_attached_callback;
tty_handle->g_usb_detached_callback = usb_detached_callback;
if (libusb_init(&tty_handle->usb_context) != 0) {
printf("libusb_init failed!");
goto ERR2;
}
if (pthread_create(&tty_handle->usb_handle_thread, NULL, usb_handle_events_task, tty_handle) != 0) {
printf("pthread_create failed!");
goto ERR3;
}
/*flag需要设置为LIBUSB_HOTPLUG_ENUMERATE才能检测到已插入的设备*/
ret = libusb_hotplug_register_callback(tty_handle->usb_context,
LIBUSB_HOTPLUG_EVENT_DEVICE_ARRIVED,
LIBUSB_HOTPLUG_ENUMERATE,
LIBUSB_HOTPLUG_MATCH_ANY,
LIBUSB_HOTPLUG_MATCH_ANY,
LIBUSB_HOTPLUG_MATCH_ANY,
usb_arrived_callback,
tty_handle,
&tty_handle->usb_attached_handle);
if (LIBUSB_SUCCESS != ret) {
printf("Error to register usb arrived callback");
goto ERR4;
}
ret = libusb_hotplug_register_callback(tty_handle->usb_context,
LIBUSB_HOTPLUG_EVENT_DEVICE_LEFT,
LIBUSB_HOTPLUG_NO_FLAGS,
LIBUSB_HOTPLUG_MATCH_ANY,
LIBUSB_HOTPLUG_MATCH_ANY,
LIBUSB_HOTPLUG_MATCH_ANY,
usb_left_callback,
tty_handle,
&tty_handle->usb_detached_handle);
if (LIBUSB_SUCCESS != ret) {
printf("Error to register usb left callback");
goto ERR5;
}
return tty_handle;
ERR5:
libusb_hotplug_deregister_callback(tty_handle->usb_context, tty_handle->usb_attached_handle);
ERR4:
tty_handle->usb_handle_task_exit = 1;
pthread_join(tty_handle->usb_handle_thread, NULL);
ERR3:
libusb_exit(tty_handle->usb_context);
ERR2:
free(tty_handle);
ERR1:
return NULL;
}
int usb_tty_detect_exit(usb_tty_detect_t * tty_handle)
{
if (tty_handle) {
libusb_hotplug_deregister_callback(tty_handle->usb_context, tty_handle->usb_attached_handle);
tty_handle->usb_handle_task_exit = 1;
pthread_join(tty_handle->usb_handle_thread, NULL);
libusb_exit(tty_handle->usb_context);
tty_handle->g_usb_attached_callback = NULL;
tty_handle->g_usb_detached_callback = NULL;
free(tty_handle);
return 0;
}
return -1;
}
- main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include "usb_tty_detect.h"
int usb_attached_callback(int vid, int pid, const char *port_num, const char *ttyName)
{
printf("usb dev attached. vid: %x, pid: %x, port: %s\r\n", vid, pid, port_num);
if (ttyName)
printf("tty: %s\r\n", ttyName);
return 0;
}
int usb_detached_callback(int vid, int pid, const char *port_num)
{
printf("usb dev detached. vid: %x, pid: %x, port: %s\r\n", vid, pid, port_num);
return 0;
}
int main(int agrc, char *agrv[])
{
usb_tty_detect_t *tty_handle = usb_tty_detect_init(usb_attached_callback,
usb_detached_callback);
getchar();
usb_tty_detect_exit(tty_handle);
return 0;
}
- Makefile
CROSS_COMPILE = arm-himix200-linux-
CC = $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc
AR = $(CROSS_COMPILE)ar
CFLAGS = -Wall -I./include
LINKFLAGS =
LINKLIBS = -lpthread -L./ -lttydetect -L./libusb -lusb-1.0
tty_detect_srcs := usb_tty_detect.c
tty_detect_objs := $(patsubst %.c, %.o, $(tty_detect_srcs))
tty_detect_static_objs := $(tty_detect_objs)
tty_detect_shared_objs := $(tty_detect_objs)
# tty_detect_static_lib := libttydetect.a
tty_detect_shared_lib := libttydetect.so
tty_detect_sample_srcs := main.c
tty_detect_sample_objs := $(patsubst %.c, %.o, $(tty_detect_sample_srcs))
tty_detect_sample = ttydetect
all: $(tty_detect_shared_lib) $(tty_detect_sample)
$(tty_detect_shared_lib): $(tty_detect_shared_objs)
$(CC) $^ -shared $(LINKFLAGS) -o $@
$(tty_detect_shared_objs): %.o:%.c
$(CC) -c -fPIC $< $(CFLAGS) $(INC) -o $@
$(tty_detect_sample): $(tty_detect_sample_objs)
$(CC) $^ $(LINKLIBS) -o $@
$(tty_detect_sample_objs): %.o:%.c
$(CC) -c $< $(CFLAGS) $(INC) -o $@
.PHONY:clean
clean:
-rm $(tty_detect_shared_objs)
-rm $(tty_detect_shared_lib)
-rm $(tty_detect_sample_objs)
-rm $(tty_detect_sample)
FORCE:
源码
https://github.com/hongguangli/ttyDetect
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