java中Comparable接口和Comparator接口的使用

      把多个对象放进数组，欲对该对象数组进行排序，需要前提条件（若是基本数据类型的数组可直接用Arrays.sort()对其进行排序），要么数组中的对象所属的类实现了Comparable接口并覆写CompareTo()方法，直接执行Arrays.sort(数组)即可排序，要么单独定制一个排序规则类，该类实现comparator接口并覆写compare()方法，执行Arrays.sort(数组, 排序规则类的对象)也可以进行排序。

      在java的集合API中也将看到这两种接口的靓影，用红布先遮起来吧，到时再掀！

      一、下面首先看实现Comparable接口的方式，思路为：Employee类实现Comparable接口，并覆写了compareTo()方法，在方法中指定按工资由低到高排序，注意现在一般推荐使用泛型化的Comparable接口，老版本的不推荐使用了，创建一个存放3个Employee对象的数组，对该数组排序，可以看到排序效果，代码实现：

<span style="font-size:14px;">import java.util.Arrays;</span>
<span style="font-size:14px;">public class EmployeeSortTest
{
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		Employee[] employeeArray = new Employee[3];
		employeeArray[0] = new Employee("001", 5288);
		employeeArray[1] = new Employee("002", 5211);
		employeeArray[2] = new Employee("003", 5014);

		Arrays.sort(employeeArray);
		for(Employee ee : employeeArray)
		{
			System.out.println("id = " + ee.getId() + ", " + "salary = " + ee.getSalary());
		}
	}
}

class Employee implements Comparable<Employee>
{
	private String id;
	private int salary;
	public Employee(String id, int salary)
	{
		this.id = id;
		this.salary = salary;
	}
	public String getId()
	{
		return this.id;
	}
	public int getSalary()
	{
		return this.salary;
	}
	@Override
	public int compareTo(Employee other)
	{
		if(salary < other.salary)
			return -1;
		if(salary > other.salary)
			return 1;
		return 0;
	}
}</span>

运行效果如下：

      二、然后是定制规则的排序，首先定义一个规则类，该规则类需实现Comparator接口，与上一种方式中对象所属的类要实现Comparable接口不同，比如这里将要按姓名排序，下面的例子中定义了两套规则，分别依据firstName和lastName按照字典顺序进行排序，代码如下：

<span style="font-size:14px;">import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class PersonTest
{
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		Person[] persons = new Person[4];
		persons[0] = new Person("Shaomin", "Hu", 36);
		persons[1] = new Person("Lesheng", "Gu", 56);
		persons[2] = new Person("Xiaorong", "Gu", 28);
		persons[3] = new Person("Cook", "John", 45);

		System.out.println("Natural order:");
		for(Person p : persons)
		{
			System.out.println("Full name: " + p.getFirstName() + " " + p.getLastName() + ", Age: " + p.getAge());
		}

		Arrays.sort(persons, new FirstNameComparator());
		System.out.println("Sorted by firstName:");
		for(Person p : persons)
		{
			System.out.println("Full name: " + p.getFirstName() + " " + p.getLastName() + ", Age" + p.getAge());
		}

		Arrays.sort(persons, new LastNameComparator());
		System.out.println("Sorted by lastName:");
		for(Person p : persons)
		{
			System.out.println("Full name: " + p.getFirstName() + " " + p.getLastName() + ", Age" + p.getAge());
		}
	}
}

class Person
{
	private String firstName;
	private String lastName;
	private int age;

	public Person(String firstName, String lastName, int age)
	{
		this.firstName = firstName;
		this.lastName = lastName;
		this.age = age;
	}
	public String getFirstName()
	{
		return this.firstName;
	}
	public String getLastName()
	{
		return this.lastName;
	}
	public int getAge()
	{
		return this.age;
	}
}

class FirstNameComparator implements Comparator<Person>
{
	@Override
	public int compare(Person o1, Person o2)
	{
		String lastName1 = o1.getLastName().toString();
		String firstName1 = o1.getFirstName().toString();
		String lastName2 = o2.getLastName().toString();
		String firstName2 = o2.getFirstName().toString();

		if(firstName1.equals(firstName2))
		{
			return lastName1.compareTo(lastName2);
		}
		else
		{
			return firstName1.compareTo(firstName2);
		}
	}
}

class LastNameComparator implements Comparator<Person>
{
	@Override
	public int compare(Person o1, Person o2)
	{
		String lastName1 = o1.getLastName().toString();
		String firstName1 = o1.getFirstName().toString();
		String lastName2 = o2.getLastName().toString();
		String firstName2 = o2.getFirstName().toString();

		if(lastName1.equals(lastName2))
		{
			return firstName1.compareTo(firstName2);
		}
		else
		{
			return lastName1.compareTo(lastName2);
		}
	}
}</span>

运行效果如下：

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