分割源文件
bootpack.c
#include "bootpack.h"
#include "dsctbl.c"
#include "graphic.c"
#include <stdio.h>
void HariMain(void) //程序从此处开始运行,函数名不能改
{
struct BOOTINFO *binfo = (struct BOOTINFO *) 0x0ff0;
char s[40], mcursor[256];
int mx, my;
init_gdtidt(); //GDT和IDT的初始化
init_palette(); //设置调色板
init_screen(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, binfo->scrny); //设置背景
//显示鼠标
mx = (binfo->scrnx - 16) / 2;
my = (binfo->scrny - 28 - 16) / 2;
init_mouse_cursor8(mcursor, COL8_008484);
putblock8_8(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, 16, 16, mx, my, mcursor, 16);
sprintf(s, "(%d, %d)", mx, my);
putfonts8_asc(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, 0, 0, COL8_FFFFFF, s);
for (;;)
{
io_hlt();
}
}
bootpack.h
/* asmhead.nas */
struct BOOTINFO { /* 0x0ff0-0x0fff */
char cyls; /* 启动读硬盘读到何处为止 */
char leds; /* 启动时键盘LED的状态 */
char vmode; /* 显卡模式为多少位颜色 */
char reserve;
short scrnx, scrny; /* 画面分辨率 */
char *vram;
};
#define ADR_BOOTINFO 0x00000ff0
/* naskfunc.nas */
void io_hlt(void);
void io_cli(void);
void io_out8(int port, int data);
int io_load_eflags(void);
void io_store_eflags(int eflags);
void load_gdtr(int limit, int addr);
void load_idtr(int limit, int addr);
/* graphic.c */
void init_palette(void);
void set_palette(int start, int end, unsigned char *rgb);
void boxfill8(unsigned char *vram, int xsize, unsigned char c, int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1);
void init_screen8(char *vram, int x, int y);
void putfont8(char *vram, int xsize, int x, int y, char c, char *font);
void putfonts8_asc(char *vram, int xsize, int x, int y, char c, unsigned char *s);
void init_mouse_cursor8(char *mouse, char bc);
void putblock8_8(char *vram, int vxsize, int pxsize,
int pysize, int px0, int py0, char *buf, int bxsize);
//声明常数,表示哪种色号对应哪种颜色
#define COL8_000000 0
#define COL8_FF0000 1
#define COL8_00FF00 2
#define COL8_FFFF00 3
#define COL8_0000FF 4
#define COL8_FF00FF 5
#define COL8_00FFFF 6
#define COL8_FFFFFF 7
#define COL8_C6C6C6 8
#define COL8_840000 9
#define COL8_008400 10
#define COL8_848400 11
#define COL8_000084 12
#define COL8_840084 13
#define COL8_008484 14
#define COL8_848484 15
/* dsctbl.c */
struct SEGMENT_DESCRIPTOR { //8个字节
short limit_low, base_low;
char base_mid, access_right;
char limit_high, base_high;
};
struct GATE_DESCRIPTOR { //8个字节
short offset_low, selector;
char dw_count, access_right;
short offset_high;
};
void init_gdtidt(void);
void set_segmdesc(struct SEGMENT_DESCRIPTOR *sd, unsigned int limit, int base, int ar);
void set_gatedesc(struct GATE_DESCRIPTOR *gd, int offset, int selector, int ar);
#define ADR_IDT 0x0026f800
#define LIMIT_IDT 0x000007ff
#define ADR_GDT 0x00270000
#define LIMIT_GDT 0x0000ffff
#define ADR_BOTPAK 0x00280000
#define LIMIT_BOTPAK 0x0007ffff
#define AR_DATA32_RW 0x4092
#define AR_CODE32_ER 0x409a
graphic.c
//设置调色板
void init_palette(void)
{
/*声明了一个常数 table_rgb,相当于汇编中
table_rgb:
RESB 48
static char 相当于汇编中的DB
*/
static unsigned char table_rgb[16 * 3] = {
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* 0:黑 */
0xff, 0x00, 0x00, /* 1: 亮红 */
0x00, 0xff, 0x00, /* 2: 亮绿 */
0xff, 0xff, 0x00, /* 3: 亮黄 */
0x00, 0x00, 0xff, /* 4: 亮蓝 */
0xff, 0x00, 0xff, /* 5: 亮紫 */
0x00, 0xff, 0xff, /* 6: 浅亮蓝 */
0xff, 0xff, 0xff, /* 7: 白 */
0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, /* 8: 亮灰*/
0x84, 0x00, 0x00, /* 9: 暗红 */
0x00, 0x84, 0x00, /* 10: 暗绿*/
0x84, 0x84, 0x00, /* 11: 暗黄 */
0x00, 0x00, 0x84, /* 12: 暗青 */
0x84, 0x00, 0x84, /* 13: 暗紫 */
0x00, 0x84, 0x84, /* 14: 浅暗蓝 */
0x84, 0x84, 0x84 /* 15: 暗灰 */
};
set_palette(0, 15, table_rgb);
return;
}
void set_palette(int start, int end, unsigned char *rgb)
{
int i, eflags;
eflags = io_load_eflags(); /* 记录中断许可标志的值 */
io_cli(); /* 将中断许可标志置为0,禁止中断。访问调色板,首先屏蔽中断,如CLI */
io_out8(0x03c8, start); //将想要设定的调色板号码写入0x03c8
for (i = start; i <= end; i++) { //再将RGB顺序写入0x03c9
io_out8(0x03c9, rgb[0] / 4);
io_out8(0x03c9, rgb[1] / 4);
io_out8(0x03c9, rgb[2] / 4);
rgb += 3;
}
io_store_eflags(eflags); /* 复原中断许可标志。如果最初执行了CLI,最后还要执行STI */
return;
}
//画面上有320*200个像素,左上为(0,0),右下为(319,319)
//像素坐标(x, y)对应的VREAM地址为 0xa0000 + x + y * 320
void boxfill8(unsigned char *vram, int xsize, unsigned char c, int x0, int y0, int x1, int y1)
{
int x, y;
for (y = y0; y <= y1; y++) {
for (x = x0; x <= x1; x++)
vram[y * xsize + x] = c;
}
return;
}
void init_screen(char *vram, int x, int y)
{
boxfill8(vram, x, COL8_008484, 0, 0, x - 1, y - 29);
boxfill8(vram, x, COL8_C6C6C6, 0, y - 28, x - 1, y - 28);
boxfill8(vram, x, COL8_FFFFFF, 0, y - 27, x - 1, y - 27);
boxfill8(vram, x, COL8_C6C6C6, 0, y - 26, x - 1, y - 1);
boxfill8(vram, x, COL8_FFFFFF, 3, y - 24, 59, y - 24);
boxfill8(vram, x, COL8_FFFFFF, 2, y - 24, 2, y - 4);
boxfill8(vram, x, COL8_848484, 3, y - 4, 59, y - 4);
boxfill8(vram, x, COL8_848484, 59, y - 23, 59, y - 5);
boxfill8(vram, x, COL8_000000, 2, y - 3, 59, y - 3);
boxfill8(vram, x, COL8_000000, 60, y - 24, 60, y - 3);
boxfill8(vram, x, COL8_848484, x - 47, y - 24, x - 4, y - 24);
boxfill8(vram, x, COL8_848484, x - 47, y - 23, x - 47, y - 4);
boxfill8(vram, x, COL8_FFFFFF, x - 47, y - 3, x - 4, y - 3);
boxfill8(vram, x, COL8_FFFFFF, x - 3, y - 24, x - 3, y - 3);
return;
}
void putfont8(char *vram, int xsize, int x, int y, char c, char *font)
{
int i;
char *p, d;
for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) //字符的存储:每行8位,共16行,所以一个字符用16个字节
{
p = vram + (y + i) * xsize + x;
d = font[i];
if ((d & 0x80) != 0) { p[0] = c; }
if ((d & 0x40) != 0) { p[1] = c; }
if ((d & 0x20) != 0) { p[2] = c; }
if ((d & 0x10) != 0) { p[3] = c; }
if ((d & 0x08) != 0) { p[4] = c; }
if ((d & 0x04) != 0) { p[5] = c; }
if ((d & 0x02) != 0) { p[6] = c; }
if ((d & 0x01) != 0) { p[7] = c; }
}
return;
}
void putfonts8_asc(char *vram, int xsize, int x, int y, char c, unsigned char *s)
{
extern char hankaku[4096];
for (; *s != 0x00; s++) //字符串都是以0x00结尾的
{
putfont8(vram, xsize, x, y, c, hankaku + *s * 16);
x += 8;
}
return;
}
//制作要显示的字符
void init_mouse_cursor8(char *mouse, char bc)
{
static char cursor[16][16] =
{
"**************..",
"*OOOOOOOOOOO*...",
"*OOOOOOOOOO*....",
"*OOOOOOOOO*.....",
"*OOOOOOOO*......",
"*OOOOOOO*.......",
"*OOOOOOO*.......",
"*OOOOOOOO*......",
"*OOOO**OOO*.....",
"*OOO*..*OOO*....",
"*OO*....*OOO*...",
"*O*......*OOO*..",
"**........*OOO*.",
"*..........*OOO*",
"............*OO*",
".............***"
};
int x, y;
for (y = 0; y < 16; y++)
{
for (x = 0; x < 16; x++)
{
if (cursor[y][x] == '*')
mouse[y * 16 + x] = COL8_000000; //黑色
if (cursor[y][x] == 'O')
mouse[y * 16 + x] = COL8_FFFFFF; //白色
if (cursor[y][x] == '.')
mouse[y * 16 + x] = bc; //背景色
}
}
return;
}
//进行显示,只需将buf中的数据复制到vram中
//vxsize与vysize与vram有关,vysize=0xa0000, vxsize=320
//pxsize与pysize是想要显示图像的大小,因为鼠标指针大小为16*16,所以两个值都为16
//buf指定图形存放地址,bxsize指定每一行含有的像素值,与pxsize大体相同
//px0与py0为要显示字符的起始像素点
void putblock8_8(char *vram, int vxsize, int pxsize,
int pysize, int px0, int py0, char *buf, int bxsize)
{
int x, y;
for (y = 0; y < pysize; y++)
{
for (x = 0; x < pxsize; x++)
vram[(py0 + y) * vxsize + (px0 + x)] = buf[y * bxsize + x];
}
return;
}
dsctbl.c
void init_gdtidt(void)
{
//0x270000到0x27ffff设为GDT,因为这一块内存没有特殊用途
struct SEGMENT_DESCRIPTOR *gdt = (struct SEGMENT_DESCRIPTOR *) 0x00270000;
//0x26f800到0x26ffff设为IDT
struct GATE_DESCRIPTOR *idt = (struct GATE_DESCRIPTOR *) 0x0026f800;
int i;
/* GDT的初始化*/
for (i = 0; i < 8192; i++) { //完成对8192个段的设定
set_segmdesc(gdt + i, 0, 0, 0); //将每个段的上限、基址、访问权限都设为0
}
//将1号段上限设为4G,地址为0,表示CPU所能管理的全部内存本身
set_segmdesc(gdt + 1, 0xffffffff, 0x00000000, 0x4092);
//将2号段上限设为512KB,地址为0x280000,正好是bootpack.hrb可以执行的地方
set_segmdesc(gdt + 2, 0x0007ffff, 0x00280000, 0x409a);
load_gdtr(0xffff, 0x00270000); //因为C语言不能给GDTR赋值,所以写成汇编
/* IDT的初始化 */
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
{
set_gatedesc(idt + i, 0, 0, 0);
}
load_idtr(0x7ff, 0x0026f800); //给IDTR赋值
return;
}
void set_segmdesc(struct SEGMENT_DESCRIPTOR *sd, unsigned int limit, int base, int ar)
{
if (limit > 0xfffff)
{
ar |= 0x8000; /* G_bit = 1 */
limit /= 0x1000;
}
sd->limit_low = limit & 0xffff;
sd->base_low = base & 0xffff;
sd->base_mid = (base >> 16) & 0xff;
sd->access_right = ar & 0xff;
sd->limit_high = ((limit >> 16) & 0x0f) | ((ar >> 8) & 0xf0);
sd->base_high = (base >> 24) & 0xff;
return;
}
void set_gatedesc(struct GATE_DESCRIPTOR *gd, int offset, int selector, int ar)
{
gd->offset_low = offset & 0xffff;
gd->selector = selector;
gd->dw_count = (ar >> 8) & 0xff;
gd->access_right = ar & 0xff;
gd->offset_high = (offset >> 16) & 0xffff;
return;
}
Makefile
OBJS_BOOTPACK = bootpack.obj naskfunc.obj hankaku.obj graphic.obj dsctbl.obj
TOOLPATH = ../z_tools/
INCPATH = ../z_tools/haribote/
MAKE = $(TOOLPATH)make.exe -r
NASK = $(TOOLPATH)nask.exe
CC1 = $(TOOLPATH)cc1.exe -I$(INCPATH) -Os -Wall -quiet
GAS2NASK = $(TOOLPATH)gas2nask.exe -a
OBJ2BIM = $(TOOLPATH)obj2bim.exe
MAKEFONT = $(TOOLPATH)makefont.exe
BIN2OBJ = $(TOOLPATH)bin2obj.exe
BIM2HRB = $(TOOLPATH)bim2hrb.exe
RULEFILE = $(TOOLPATH)haribote/haribote.rul
EDIMG = $(TOOLPATH)edimg.exe
IMGTOL = $(TOOLPATH)imgtol.com
COPY = copy
DEL = del
default :
$(MAKE) img
# 启动区
ipl.bin : ipl.nas Makefile
$(NASK) ipl.nas ipl.bin ipl.lst
# 承接启动区,调用C语言
asmhead.bin : asmhead.nas Makefile
$(NASK) asmhead.nas asmhead.bin asmhead.lst
#使用makefont.exe编译hankaku.txt字库
hankaku.bin : hankaku.txt Makefile
$(MAKEFONT) hankaku.txt hankaku.bin
#然后连接所必须的接口信息,生成目标文件hankaku.obj,这样就可以与bootpack.obj连接了
hankaku.obj : hankaku.bin Makefile
$(BIN2OBJ) hankaku.bin hankaku.obj _hankaku
#使用obj2bim.exe将bootpack.obj生成二进制映像文件bootpack.bim,
#这一步是因为C语言不能编写所有的程序,有一部分用汇编来写,然后链接到C语言程序上
bootpack.bim : bootpack.obj naskfunc.obj hankaku.obj Makefile
$(OBJ2BIM) @$(RULEFILE) out:bootpack.bim stack:3136k map:bootpack.map \
bootpack.obj naskfunc.obj hankaku.obj
# 3MB+64KB=3136KB
#使用bim2hrb.exe将bootpack.obj生成bootpack.hrb,这是因为映像文件只是将各部分全都链接在一起,
#做成了完整的机器语言文件,为了实际使用,还需要加工,如加上识别的文件头,或者压缩等。
bootpack.hrb : bootpack.bim Makefile
$(BIM2HRB) bootpack.bim bootpack.hrb 0
#核心OS二进制文件
haribote.sys : asmhead.bin bootpack.hrb Makefile
copy /B asmhead.bin+bootpack.hrb haribote.sys
haribote.img : ipl.bin haribote.sys Makefile
$(EDIMG) imgin:../z_tools/fdimg0at.tek \
wbinimg src:ipl.bin len:512 from:0 to:0 \
copy from:haribote.sys to:@: \
imgout:haribote.img
#利用一般规则进行简化
%.gas : %.c Makefile
$(CC1) -o $*.gas $*.c
%.nas : %.gas Makefile
$(GAS2NASK) $*.gas $*.nas
%.obj : %.nas Makefile
$(NASK) $*.nas $*.obj $*.lst
#生成 helloos.img
img :
$(MAKE) haribote.img
run :
$(MAKE) img
$(COPY) haribote.img ..\z_tools\qemu\fdimage0.bin
$(MAKE) -C ../z_tools/qemu
install :
$(MAKE) img
$(IMGTOL) w a: haribote.img
#删除最终成果以外的所有中间生成文件,将硬盘清理干净
clean :
-$(DEL) *.bin
-$(DEL) *.lst
-$(DEL) *.gas
-$(DEL) *.obj
-$(DEL) bootpack.nas
-$(DEL) bootpack.map
-$(DEL) bootpack.bim
-$(DEL) bootpack.hrb
-$(DEL) haribote.sys
#把源程序以外的文件全部删干净
src_only :
$(MAKE) clean
-$(DEL) haribote.img
初始化PIC
PIC programmable interrupt controller 可编程中断控制器
int.c
/* PIC的初始化 */
void init_pic(void)
{
io_out8(PIC0_IMR, 0xff ); /* 禁止所有中断。IMR interrupt mask register 中断屏蔽寄存器 */
io_out8(PIC1_IMR, 0xff ); /* 禁止所有中断 */
//ICW 有4个,ICW1、ICW4与主板的配线方式、中断信号的电气特性有关,都为固定值,ICW3是与主-从连接的设置有关
io_out8(PIC0_ICW1, 0x11 ); /* 边沿触发模式(edge trigger mode)。ICW initial control word 初始化控制数据 */
io_out8(PIC0_ICW2, 0x20 ); /* IRQ0-7由INT20-27接收 */
io_out8(PIC0_ICW3, 1 << 2); /* PIC1由IRQ2连接. */
io_out8(PIC0_ICW4, 0x01 ); /* 无缓冲区模式 */
io_out8(PIC1_ICW1, 0x11 ); /* 边沿触发模式(edge trigger mode) */
io_out8(PIC1_ICW2, 0x28 ); /* IRQ8-15由INT28-2f接收 */
io_out8(PIC1_ICW3, 2 ); /* PIC1由IRQ2连接 */
io_out8(PIC1_ICW4, 0x01 ); /* 无缓冲区模式 */
io_out8(PIC0_IMR, 0xfb ); /* 11111011 PIC1以外全部禁止 */
io_out8(PIC1_IMR, 0xff ); /* 11111111 禁止所有中断 */
return;
}
中断程序的制作
鼠标是IRQ12,键盘是IRQ1,编写的相应中断处理程序为INT 0x2c和INT 0x21。
int.c节选
/* 来自 PS/2 键盘的中断 */
void inthandler21(int *esp) //只是显示一条信息,然后保持在待机状态
{
struct BOOTINFO *binfo = (struct BOOTINFO *) ADR_BOOTINFO;
boxfill8(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, COL8_000000, 0, 0, 32 * 8 - 1, 15);
putfonts8_asc(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, 0, 0, COL8_FFFFFF, "INT 21 (IRQ-1) : PS/2 keyboard");
for (;;)
{
io_hlt();
}
}
/* 来自PS/2鼠标的中断 */
void inthandler2c(int *esp)
{
struct BOOTINFO *binfo = (struct BOOTINFO *) ADR_BOOTINFO;
boxfill8(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, COL8_000000, 0, 0, 32 * 8 - 1, 15);
putfonts8_asc(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, 0, 0, COL8_FFFFFF, "INT 2C (IRQ-12) : PS/2 mouse");
for (;;) {
io_hlt();
}
}
中断处理完成后,不能return,而必须执行IRETD指令,只能用汇编写。
naskfunc.nas节选
GLOBAL _asm_inthandler21, _asm_inthandler2c
EXTERN _inthandler21, _inthandler2c ;EXTERN表示在别的源文件中
_asm_inthandler21:
PUSH ES
PUSH DS
PUSHAD ; 相当于PUSH EAX ECX EDX EBX ESP EBP ESI EDI
MOV EAX,ESP
PUSH EAX
MOV AX,SS
MOV DS,AX ; C语言认为DS ES SS都指同一个段
MOV ES,AX
CALL _inthandler21 ; 调用别的文件中的函数
POP EAX
POPAD
POP DS
POP ES
IRETD ;中断返回
_asm_inthandler2c:
PUSH ES
PUSH DS
PUSHAD
MOV EAX,ESP
PUSH EAX
MOV AX,SS
MOV DS,AX
MOV ES,AX
CALL _inthandler2c
POP EAX
POPAD
POP DS
POP ES
IRETD
将中断函数_asm_inthandler21注册到IDT中,在dsctbl.c中的init_gdtidt中添加
/* IDT的设定 */
//asm_inthandle21注册在idt的第0x21号,2*8表示asm_inthandle21属于2号段,*8是因为低三位必须为0
//AR_INTGATE32将IDT的属性设为0x008e,这是这是用于中断处理的有效设定
set_gatedesc(idt + 0x21, (int) asm_inthandler21, 2 * 8, AR_INTGATE32);
set_gatedesc(idt + 0x2c, (int) asm_inthandler2c, 2 * 8, AR_INTGATE32);
bootpack.c节选
init_gdtidt(); //GDT和IDT的初始化
init_pic(); //PIC初始化
io_sti(); //仅执行STI命令,IF变为1,CPU接收来自外部设备的中断
//PIC属于外部设备,用IN OUT指令进行操作
io_out8(PIC0_IMR, 0xf9); /* PIC1(11111001) */
io_out8(PIC1_IMR, 0xef); /* (11101111) */
当按下键盘后,捕获了中断
总结一下中断的制作:
1、在asmhead.nas中添加一些设定,之前只是支持C语言导入,现在还要让它支持鼠标指针。
2、先初始化GDT、IDT,GDT为全局段号记录表,存放在GDTR寄存中,记录段的大小、段的起止位置,段的管理属性。IDT为中断记录表,记录了0~255号的中断号码与调用函数的对应关系。如果GDT还没有设置完就设置IDT会比较麻烦。
3、然后初始化PIC,PIC为可编程中断控制器,它将8个信号合成一个中断信号装置,监视着输入管脚的8个中断信号,只要有一个中断信号进来,就将唯一的输出管脚信号设成ON,并通知CPU。
4、编写中断处理程序,如inthandler21。
5、在naskfunc.nas中编写asm_inthandler,负责中断处理之前的处理,如对寄存的保存,调用中断处理程序,然后是中断之后的处理,返回。
6、将编写的中断处理程序注册到IDT中,如将asm_inthandler注册在IDT的第0x21号。