RabbitMQ---Topics

官方文档：https://www.rabbitmq.com/tutorials/tutorial-five-python.html

允许队列根据多个规则订阅消息。

发送到 topic 类型的 exchange 的消息的 routing_key 必须由被点分隔的词组成，长度不能超过 255 字节。
绑定键的格式也必须是相同的格式。

queue 和 exchange 间有两种特殊的绑定键：
* (星号) 只能替换 1 个条件。
# (井号) 可替换 0 或多个条件。

例如发送描述动物的消息，消息的 routing key 的格式：<celerity>.<colour>.<species>

Q1 感兴趣于所有橘色的动物。
Q2 感兴趣于兔子和所有懒惰的动物。

而消息"lazy.orange.male.rabbit" 会被丢弃，即便前面的 3 个条件可被匹配。

以下程序中，exchange 的类型为 topic，消息的 routing key 的格式为 “<facility>.<severity>”

emit_log_topic.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(
    pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', exchange_type='topic')

routing_key = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 2 else 'anonymous.info'
message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'
channel.basic_publish(
    exchange='topic_logs', routing_key=routing_key, body=message)
print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (routing_key, message))
connection.close()

receive_logs_topic.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
import pika
import sys

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(
    pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', exchange_type='topic')

result = channel.queue_declare('', exclusive=True)
queue_name = result.method.queue

binding_keys = sys.argv[1:]
if not binding_keys:
    sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [binding_key]...\n" % sys.argv[0])
    sys.exit(1)

for binding_key in binding_keys:
    channel.queue_bind(
        exchange='topic_logs', queue=queue_name, routing_key=binding_key)

print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')


def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))


channel.basic_consume(
    queue=queue_name, on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

运行结果：

接收所有的消息

$ python3 receive_logs_topic.py "#"
 [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C
 [x] 'kern.critical':b'A critical kernel error'

接收所有 acility 为 “kern” 的消息

$ python3 receive_logs_topic.py "kern.*"                                                   
 [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C
 [x] 'kern.critical':b'A critical kernel error'

接收所有 severity 为 “critical” 的消息

$ python3 receive_logs_topic.py "*.critical"                                               
 [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C
 [x] 'kern.critical':b'A critical kernel error'

接收所有 acility 为 “kern”，或 severity 为 “critical” 的消息

$ python3 receive_logs_topic.py "kern.*" "*.critical"                                      
 [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C
 [x] 'kern.critical':b'A critical kernel error'

routing key 为 “kern.critical”

$ python3 emit_log_topic.py "kern.critical" "A critical kernel error"
 [x] Sent 'kern.critical':'A critical kernel error'