MongoDB笔记(五) —— 查询文档

语法：

db.collection.find(query, projection)

• 参数说明
  • query ：可选，使用查询操作符指定查询条件
  • projection ：可选，使用投影操作符指定返回的键。查询时返回文档中所有键值， 只需省略该参数即可（默认省略）。

格式化：

> db.demo.find().pretty()

操作符查询：

• 大于：(greater than >) $gt
• 大于等于：(gt equal >=) $gte
• 小于：(less than <) $lt
• 小于等于：(lt equal <=) $lte
• 匹配：(equal =) $eq
• 不匹配：( not equal !=) $ne
• 包含：(like) /val1/
• 开头：(like) /^val1/
• 结尾：(like) /val1$/

MongoDB 与 RDBMS Where 语句比较

如果你熟悉常规的 SQL 数据，通过下表可以更好的理解 MongoDB 的条件语句查询：

操作	格式	范例	RDBMS中的类似语句
大于	{<key>:{$gt:<val>}}	db.demo.find({"age":{$gt:20}}).pretty()	where age > 20
大于或等于	{<key>:{$gte:<val>}}	db.demo.find({"age":{$gte:20}}).pretty()	where age >= 20
小于	{<key>:{$lt:<val>}}	db.demo.find({"age":{$lt:20}}).pretty()	where age < 20
小于或等于	{<key>:{$lte:<val>}}	db.demo.find({"age":{$lte:20}}).pretty()	where age <= 20
等于	{<key>:<val>}	db.demo.find({"name":"yourName"}).pretty()	where name = 'yourName'
不等于	{<key>:{$ne:<val>}}	db.demo.find({"age":{$ne:20}}).pretty()	where age != 20

and查询：

> db.demo.find({key1:val1, key2:val2}).pretty()

or查询：

> db.demo.find({$or: [{key1: val1}, {key2:val2}]}).pretty()

and,or查询：

> db.demo.find({"key1": "val1", $or: [{"key2": "val2"},{"key3": "val3"}]}).pretty()

$type查询

类型	数字	备注
Double	1
String	2
Object	3
Array	4
Binary data	5
Undefined	6	已废弃。
Object id	7
Boolean	8
Date	9
Null	10
Regular Expression	11
JavaScript	13
Symbol	14
JavaScript (with scope)	15
32-bit integer	16
Timestamp	17
64-bit integer	18
Min key	255	Query with -1.
Max key	127

查询name为String的数据

db.demo.find({"name" : {$type : 2}})
或
db.demo.find({"name" : {$type : 'string'}})

> db.demo.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5e79a57ba3edd4aa4ff0c2c3"), "name" : "yourName", "age" : 20, "hobby" : [ "drawing", "run" ] }
> 
> db.demo.find({"name":{$type:2}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5e79a57ba3edd4aa4ff0c2c3"), "name" : "yourName", "age" : 20, "hobby" : [ "drawing", "run" ] }
> 
> db.demo.find({"name":{$type:'string'}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5e79a57ba3edd4aa4ff0c2c3"), "name" : "yourName", "age" : 20, "hobby" : [ "drawing", "run" ] }
> 
> db.demo.find({"name":{$type:3}})
> 

limit(限定查询数量)

> db.COLLECTION_NAME.find().limit(NUMBER)

skip(跳过数据数量)

> db.COLLECTION_NAME.find().limit(NUMBER).skip(NUMBER)

sort(排序)

> db.COLLECTION_NAME.find().sort({KEY:1})

> db.demo.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5e79a57ba3edd4aa4ff0c2c3"), "name" : "hisName", "age" : 20, "hobby" : [ "drawing", "run" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5e79a878a3edd4aa4ff0c2c4"), "name" : "yourName", "age" : "30", "hobby" : [ "drawing", "run" ] }
> 
> db.demo.find().sort({"age":1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5e79a57ba3edd4aa4ff0c2c3"), "name" : "hisName", "age" : 20, "hobby" : [ "drawing", "run" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5e79a878a3edd4aa4ff0c2c4"), "name" : "yourName", "age" : "30", "hobby" : [ "drawing", "run" ] }
>
>  db.demo.find().sort({"age":-1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5e79a878a3edd4aa4ff0c2c4"), "name" : "yourName", "age" : "30", "hobby" : [ "drawing", "run" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5e79a57ba3edd4aa4ff0c2c3"), "name" : "hisName", "age" : 20, "hobby" : [ "drawing", "run" ] }
> 
> db.demo.find().sort({"name":-1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5e79a878a3edd4aa4ff0c2c4"), "name" : "yourName", "age" : "30", "hobby" : [ "drawing", "run" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5e79a57ba3edd4aa4ff0c2c3"), "name" : "hisName", "age" : 20, "hobby" : [ "drawing", "run" ] }
> 
> db.demo.find().sort({"name":1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5e79a57ba3edd4aa4ff0c2c3"), "name" : "hisName", "age" : 20, "hobby" : [ "drawing", "run" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5e79a878a3edd4aa4ff0c2c4"), "name" : "yourName", "age" : "30", "hobby" : [ "drawing", "run" ] }
>