Python2笔记（九）—— 继承

继承

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-


class Person(object):
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age


class Student(Person):
    def __init__(self, name, age, score):
        super(Student, self).__init__(name, age)
        self.score = score


stu1 = Student('stu1', 20, 90)
print stu1.score

结果：

90

一定要用 super(Student, self).init(name, gender) 去初始化父类，否则，继承自 Person 的 Student 将没有 name 和 gender。

函数**super(Student, self)将返回当前类继承的父类，即 Person ，然后调用init()**方法，注意self参数已在super()中传入，在__init__()中将隐式传递，不需要写出（也不能写）。

判断类型

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-


class Person(object):
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age


class Student(Person):
    def __init__(self, name, age, score):
        super(Student, self).__init__(name, age)
        self.score = score


class Fruit(object):
    pass


stu1 = Student('stu1', 20, 90)
print stu1.score
print isinstance(stu1, Person)
print isinstance(stu1, Student)
print isinstance(stu1, Fruit)

结果：

90
True
True
False

多态

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-


class Person(object):
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age


class Student(Person):
    def __init__(self, name, age, score):
        super(Student, self).__init__(name, age)
        self.score = score

    def whoAmI(self):
        return 'I am a Student, my name is %s' % self.name


class Teacher(Person):
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        super(Teacher, self).__init__(name, age)

    def whoAmI(self):
        return 'I am a Teacher, my name is %s' % self.name


s1 = Student('s1', 20, 90)
t1 = Teacher('t1', 35)

print s1.whoAmI()
print t1.whoAmI()

结果：

I am a Student, my name is s1
I am a Teacher, my name is t1

多重继承

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-


class A(object):
    pass


class B(A):
    pass


class C(A):
    pass


class D(B, C):
    pass

获取更多对象信息

type() 函数获取变量的类型；

dir() 函数获取变量的所有属性；

**dir()**返回的属性是字符串列表，如果已知一个属性名称，要获取或者设置对象的属性，就需要用 getattr() 和 **setattr( )**函数了；

getattr(s, ‘name’) # 获取name属性

setattr(s, ‘name’, ‘user2’) # 设置新的name属性