linux 驱动之input子系统（gpio-keys）实现

１．概述

　　Gpio-keys 是基于input子系统实现的一个通用按键驱动，该驱动也符合linux驱动实现模型，即driver和device分离模型．一般按键驱动，都是基于gpio-keys进行开发的．

2. gpio-keys 代码分析（基于 linux 4.14.40）

 （１）整体来说分为以下四步

static int gpio_keys_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
 
    ...........
    ...........
    /*第一，从设备树获取button,即gpio相关控制方式和属性*/
	pdata = gpio_keys_get_devtree_pdata(dev);
    ...........
    ...........
    /*第二，分配一个input 设备*/
	input = devm_input_allocate_device(dev);
    ...........
    ...........
    /*第三，注册gpio相关信息和分配资源*/
	for (i = 0; i < pdata->nbuttons; i++) {
		error = gpio_keys_setup_key(pdev, input, ddata,
					    button, i, child);
    ｝
    ...........
    ...........
    /*第四，注册input 设备到kernel*/
	error = input_register_device(input);
    ...........
    ...........
	return 0;
}

　（２）从注册一个input设备来看，二,四步是一个通用的步骤，第三步和第一步是关键，先看第三步．

static int gpio_keys_setup_key(struct platform_device *pdev,
				struct input_dev *input,
				struct gpio_keys_drvdata *ddata,
				const struct gpio_keys_button *button,
				int idx,
				struct fwnode_handle *child)
{

    .............
    .............
    /*第一，请求gpio并获取irq 资源*/
	error = devm_gpio_request_one(dev, button->gpio, flags, desc);

	irq = gpiod_to_irq(bdata->gpiod);
    .............
    .............
    /*第二，注册一个delayed work任务，这个任务的目的，当中断发生时，需要向
    通过input子系统发消息，这个过程有可能会sleep或者schedule,所以必须通一个
    delay work去完成这件事．
    */
    INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&bdata->work, gpio_keys_gpio_work_func);
	isr = gpio_keys_gpio_isr;
	irqflags = IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING;}
    .............
    .............
    /*第三，注册中断*/
	error = devm_request_any_context_irq(dev, bdata->irq, isr, irqflags,
					     desc, bdata);

	return 0;
}

　（３）下面来看中断和delay work做了什么事

static irqreturn_t gpio_keys_gpio_isr(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
	struct gpio_button_data *bdata = dev_id;
    ...............
    ...............
    /*中断中，唯一做的事，就是把delay work加入到了system_wq队列中去．还做了一个延迟
    这个延迟目的是为了去抖动．*/
	mod_delayed_work(system_wq,
			 &bdata->work,
			 msecs_to_jiffies(bdata->software_debounce));

	return IRQ_HANDLED;
}

static void gpio_keys_gpio_work_func(struct work_struct *work)
{
    /*调用上报消息，接着向下看*/
    ...........
	gpio_keys_gpio_report_event(bdata);
    ...........
}

static void gpio_keys_gpio_report_event(struct gpio_button_data *bdata)
{
    ............
    /*第一步，获取gpio 状态．*/
	state = gpiod_get_value_cansleep(bdata->gpiod);
	............
    /*发送消息到input*/
    input_event(input, type, *bdata->code, state);
	input_sync(input);
    ............
}

　（４）下面请看第一步工作，以及设备树的配置

　（红色为必要部分）

•          label : 一个key 的别名　
• 　　  linux,code :  键值，作为按键的唯一识别号
• 　　  linux,input-type: input类型（EV_KEY(按键), EV_ABS（相对坐标）, EV_REL（绝对坐标）...) 默认为EV_KEY
•          wakeup-source: 与pm相关，默认为disable
•          linux,can-disable:是否共享中断line (（默认）0:shared, 1: not shared)
•          debounce-interval : 去抖延时　　
• 　　  gpios :  gpio 的相关信息

/*用于gpio资源的申请及初始化，可列举很多*/
gpio_keys_pins_default: gpio_keys_pins_default {
      pinctrl-single,pins = <
      AM4372_IOPAD(0x9a0, PIN_INPUT | MUX_MODE9) /* (L23) mcasp0_aclkr.gpio0[18] */
      >;
};     
/*创建gpio-keys 设备描述*/
 gpio_keys: gpio_keys {
                compatible = "gpio-keys";
                pinctrl-names = "default";
                pinctrl-0 = <&gpio_keys_pins_default>;
                #address-cells = <1>;
                #size-cells = <0>;
/*添加一个button, 用于做系统reset*/
                button0 {
                        label = "reset";
                        linux,code = <0x198>; /*KEY_RESTART*/
                        gpios = <&gpio0 18 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;
                };
   };

3. 内核模块选择配置

| with configuration data saying which GPIOs are used.                                                     |
  |                                                                                                          |
  | To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the                                                   |
  | module will be called gpio_keys.                                                                         |
  |                                                                                                          |
  | Symbol: KEYBOARD_GPIO [=y]                                                                               |
  | Type  : tristate                                                                                         |
  | Prompt: GPIO Buttons                                                                                     |
  |   Location:                                                                                              |
  |     -> Device Drivers                                                                                    |
  |       -> Input device support                                                                            |
  |         -> Generic input layer (needed for keyboard, mouse, ...) (INPUT [=y])                            |
  |           -> Keyboards (INPUT_KEYBOARD [=y])                                                             |
  |   Defined at drivers/input/keyboard/Kconfig:214                                                          |
  |   Depends on: !UML && INPUT [=y] && INPUT_KEYBOARD [=y] && (GPIOLIB [=y] || COMPILE_TEST [=n])   

4． cat /proc/bus/input/devices 

　通过这个可以看到接到input事件的handler是哪一个

$: cat  /proc/bus/input/devices 
I: Bus=0019 Vendor=0001 Product=0001 Version=0100
N: Name="gpio_keys"
P: Phys=gpio-keys/input0
S: Sysfs=/devices/platform/gpio_keys/input/input0
U: Uniq=
H: Handlers=event0 
B: PROP=0
B: EV=3
B: KEY=1000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

/下面的信息有助于你编写udev rules
$:udevadm info -a -p /sys//devices/platform/gpio_keys/input/input0

  looking at device '/devices/platform/gpio_keys/input/input0':
    KERNEL=="input0"
    SUBSYSTEM=="input"
    DRIVER==""
    ATTR{name}=="gpio_keys"
    ATTR{phys}=="gpio-keys/input0"
    ATTR{properties}=="0"
    ATTR{uniq}==""

  looking at parent device '/devices/platform/gpio_keys':
    KERNELS=="gpio_keys"
    SUBSYSTEMS=="platform"
    DRIVERS=="gpio-keys"
    ATTRS{disabled_keys}==""
    ATTRS{disabled_switches}==""
    ATTRS{driver_override}=="(null)"
    ATTRS{keys}=="408"
    ATTRS{switches}==""

  looking at parent device '/devices/platform':
    KERNELS=="platform"
    SUBSYSTEMS==""
    DRIVERS==""

４．如何接收按键消息，以下例程供参考

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#include <time.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h> 
#include <unistd.h>

#define KEY_DEVICE_FILE "/dev/input/event0"

struct input_event {
	struct timeval time;
	unsigned short type;
	unsigned short code;
	int value;
};

int main()
{
	int fd_key = -1;
	struct input_event key_evt;
	int ret = 0;

	fd_key= open(KEY_DEVICE_FILE, O_RDONLY);

	if(fd_key< 0) {
           return fd_key;
	}

monitor_key:

	ret = read(fd_key, (char*)&key_evt, sizeof(struct input_event));
	if(ret < 0)
	{
		printf("read key event failed:%d\n", ret);
	}else{
		if(key_evt.code == 408 && key_evt.value == 1)
		{
			printf("The press of reset button is detected\n");
			return 0;
		}
#if 0
		printf("%lld seconds %ld microseconds", key_evt.time.tv_sec,
							key_evt.time.tv_usec);
		printf("type:%d code:%d value:%d\n", key_evt.type, key_evt.code, key_evt.value);	
#endif
	}
	goto monitor_key;
	return 0;

}