Toast源码分析与学习

源码查看网址，这个是当前我所用的源码地址，自备梯子

知识点补充

android使用注解替代枚举
android 进程间通信使用aidl和Messenger类

源码分析

涉及源码有些长，下面只截取了部分分析，github toast相关源码

① 从Toast.java中的变量定义开始
我们都知道在实际使用中，Toast显示的时间只有两种情况。我们先从源码看看是怎么回事。

    static final String TAG = "Toast";
    static final boolean localLOGV = false;

    /** @hide */
    @IntDef({LENGTH_SHORT, LENGTH_LONG})
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
    public @interface Duration {}

    /**
     * Show the view or text notification for a short period of time.  This time
     * could be user-definable.  This is the default.
     * @see #setDuration
     */
    public static final int LENGTH_SHORT = 0;

    /**
     * Show the view or text notification for a long period of time.  This time
     * could be user-definable.
     * @see #setDuration
     */
    public static final int LENGTH_LONG = 1;

    final Context mContext;
    final TN mTN;
    int mDuration;
    View mNextView;

这里使用注解的方式规定了Duration的取值，只有两个值,LENGTH_SHORT和LENGTH_LONG。在看一下源码中对Duration的设置

    /**
     * Set how long to show the view for.
     * @see #LENGTH_SHORT
     * @see #LENGTH_LONG
     */
    public void setDuration(@Duration int duration) {
        mDuration = duration;
        mTN.mDuration = duration;
    }

    /**
     * Return the duration.
     * @see #setDuration
     */
    @Duration
    public int getDuration() {
        return mDuration;
    }

明了了吧，这里使用@Duration对传入的参数进行了规定，如果想传入其他的int值，在代码中是会有标记

② 看看Toast.java的构造函数

    /**
     * Construct an empty Toast object.  You must call {@link #setView} before you
     * can call {@link #show}.
     *
     * @param context  The context to use.  Usually your {@link android.app.Application}
     *                 or {@link android.app.Activity} object.
     */
    public Toast(Context context) {
        mContext = context;
        mTN = new TN();
        mTN.mY = context.getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(
                com.android.internal.R.dimen.toast_y_offset);
        mTN.mGravity = context.getResources().getInteger(
                com.android.internal.R.integer.config_toastDefaultGravity);
    }

由界面传入一个上下文实例context,后面的代码貌似是创建一个TN对象，我们现在来看看TN是什么东西。

③ 查看构造函数中创建的TN具体定义,这是一个内部类

private static class TN extends ITransientNotification.Stub {
        final Runnable mShow = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                handleShow();
            }
        };

        final Runnable mHide = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                handleHide();
                // Don't do this in handleHide() because it is also invoked by handleShow()
                mNextView = null;
            }
        };

        private final WindowManager.LayoutParams mParams = new WindowManager.LayoutParams();
        final Handler mHandler = new Handler();

        int mGravity;
        int mX, mY;
        float mHorizontalMargin;
        float mVerticalMargin;


        View mView;
        View mNextView;
        int mDuration;

        WindowManager mWM;

        static final long SHORT_DURATION_TIMEOUT = 5000;
        static final long LONG_DURATION_TIMEOUT = 1000;

        TN() {
            // XXX This should be changed to use a Dialog, with a Theme.Toast
            // defined that sets up the layout params appropriately.
            final WindowManager.LayoutParams params = mParams;
            params.height = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;
            params.width = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;
            params.format = PixelFormat.TRANSLUCENT;
            params.windowAnimations = com.android.internal.R.style.Animation_Toast;
            params.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_TOAST;
            params.setTitle("Toast");
            params.flags = WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON
                    | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE
                    | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_TOUCHABLE;
        }

        /**
         * schedule handleShow into the right thread
         */
        @Override
        public void show() {
            if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "SHOW: " + this);
            mHandler.post(mShow);
        }

        /**
         * schedule handleHide into the right thread
         */
        @Override
        public void hide() {
            if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HIDE: " + this);
            mHandler.post(mHide);
        }

        public void handleShow() {
            if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HANDLE SHOW: " + this + " mView=" + mView
                    + " mNextView=" + mNextView);
            if (mView != mNextView) {
                // remove the old view if necessary
                handleHide();
                mView = mNextView;
                Context context = mView.getContext().getApplicationContext();
                String packageName = mView.getContext().getOpPackageName();
                if (context == null) {
                    context = mView.getContext();
                }
                mWM = (WindowManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
                // We can resolve the Gravity here by using the Locale for getting
                // the layout direction
                final Configuration config = mView.getContext().getResources().getConfiguration();
                final int gravity = Gravity.getAbsoluteGravity(mGravity, config.getLayoutDirection());
                mParams.gravity = gravity;
                if ((gravity & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK) == Gravity.FILL_HORIZONTAL) {
                    mParams.horizontalWeight = 1.0f;
                }
                if ((gravity & Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK) == Gravity.FILL_VERTICAL) {
                    mParams.verticalWeight = 1.0f;
                }
                mParams.x = mX;
                mParams.y = mY;
                mParams.verticalMargin = mVerticalMargin;
                mParams.horizontalMargin = mHorizontalMargin;
                mParams.packageName = packageName;
                mParams.removeTimeoutMilliseconds = mDuration ==
                    Toast.LENGTH_LONG ? LONG_DURATION_TIMEOUT : SHORT_DURATION_TIMEOUT;
                if (mView.getParent() != null) {
                    if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "REMOVE! " + mView + " in " + this);
                    mWM.removeView(mView);
                }
                if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "ADD! " + mView + " in " + this);
                mWM.addView(mView, mParams);
                trySendAccessibilityEvent();
            }
        }

        private void trySendAccessibilityEvent() {
            AccessibilityManager accessibilityManager =
                    AccessibilityManager.getInstance(mView.getContext());
            if (!accessibilityManager.isEnabled()) {
                return;
            }
            // treat toasts as notifications since they are used to
            // announce a transient piece of information to the user
            AccessibilityEvent event = AccessibilityEvent.obtain(
                    AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_NOTIFICATION_STATE_CHANGED);
            event.setClassName(getClass().getName());
            event.setPackageName(mView.getContext().getPackageName());
            mView.dispatchPopulateAccessibilityEvent(event);
            accessibilityManager.sendAccessibilityEvent(event);
        }        

        public void handleHide() {
            if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HANDLE HIDE: " + this + " mView=" + mView);
            if (mView != null) {
                // note: checking parent() just to make sure the view has
                // been added...  i have seen cases where we get here when
                // the view isn't yet added, so let's try not to crash.
                if (mView.getParent() != null) {
                    if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "REMOVE! " + mView + " in " + this);
                    mWM.removeView(mView);
                }

                mView = null;
            }
        }
    }

这个类继承ITransientNotification.stub，那么这个ITransientNotification是一个aidl文件
ITransientNotification.aidl(@hind)源码

20/** @hide */
21 oneway interface ITransientNotification {
22    void show();
23    void hide();
24}

上面的TN继承这个类并提供了具体的方法show和hind，在具体的实现中使用Handler来post两个runnable（TN类开头定义的两个Runnable）,两个Runnable中分别执行了handleShow()和handleHind()方法，推测是控制Toast显示和隐藏的具体方法。看具体的实现：
在handleShow()方法中，通过获取WindowManager将创建的View add到界面上，在handleHind()方法中获取WindowManager remove掉这个View.

④ 根据Toast.java的构造函数和上面对TN的分析 小结一下。
使用过程中，创建一个toast对象，会实例化一个内部类TN，这个TN类能够控制Toast显示和隐藏（内部由WindowManager add 和remove view来实现显示和隐藏）。
⑤ 构造toast view 之后，toast.show();

    /**
     * Show the view for the specified duration.
     */
    public void show() {
        if (mNextView == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("setView must have been called");
        }

        INotificationManager service = getService();
        String pkg = mContext.getOpPackageName();
        TN tn = mTN;
        tn.mNextView = mNextView;

        try {
            service.enqueueToast(pkg, tn, mDuration);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            // Empty
        }
    }
    private static INotificationManager sService;

    static private INotificationManager getService() {
        if (sService != null) {
            return sService;
        }
        sService = INotificationManager.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager.getService("notification"));
        return sService;
    }   

又出现了几个不认识的东西，看看具体是什么。
- ServiceManager.java(@hind)

26 /** @hide */
27public final class ServiceManager {
28    private static final String TAG = "ServiceManager";
29
30    private static IServiceManager sServiceManager;
31    private static HashMap<String, IBinder> sCache = new HashMap<String, IBinder>();
32
33    private static IServiceManager getIServiceManager() {
34        if (sServiceManager != null) {
35            return sServiceManager;
36        }
37
38        // Find the service manager
39        sServiceManager = ServiceManagerNative.asInterface(BinderInternal.getContextObject());
40        return sServiceManager;
41    }
42
43    /**
44     * Returns a reference to a service with the given name.
45     *
46     * @param name the name of the service to get
47     * @return a reference to the service, or <code>null</code> if the service doesn't exist
48     */
49    public static IBinder getService(String name) {
50        try {
51            IBinder service = sCache.get(name);
52            if (service != null) {
53                return service;
54            } else {
55                return getIServiceManager().getService(name);
56            }
57        } catch (RemoteException e) {
58            Log.e(TAG, "error in getService", e);
59        }
60        return null;
61    }
62
63    /**
64     * Place a new @a service called @a name into the service
65     * manager.
66     *
67     * @param name the name of the new service
68     * @param service the service object
69     */
70    public static void addService(String name, IBinder service) {
71        try {
72            getIServiceManager().addService(name, service, false);
73        } catch (RemoteException e) {
74            Log.e(TAG, "error in addService", e);
75        }
76    }
    ...
139 }

ServiceManager详解
文章重点：ServiceManager管理整个系统的Service，实际功能发面包括:
- 提供IBinder对象（在每个进程中，该IBinder对象是唯一的）就好比我获取一个闹钟的service，那在当前这个app进程中这个service就是唯一的。
- 让各个service注册到ServiceManager中。
简单来说ServiceManager提供getIBinder的方法和每个service都会注册到它。
INotificationManager.aidl(@hind)

/** {@hide} */
36interface INotificationManager
37 {
38    void cancelAllNotifications(String pkg, int userId);
39
40    void enqueueToast(String pkg, ITransientNotification callback, int duration);
41    void cancelToast(String pkg, ITransientNotification callback);
    ...
100 }

ITransientNotification.aidl(@hind)

20/** @hide */
21 oneway interface ITransientNotification {
22    void show();
23    void hide();
24}

回到Toast.java 源码

我们操作中调用的Toast show方法在源码中的操作其实是获取这个INotificationManager的实例，然后enqueueToast和cancelToast.

源码分析总结