Linux（Debian）中的Samba服务器的配置

 

配置Samba服务器分为4步：

1.   apt-get install samba （安装）

2.创建用户 （ 注意：该用户是系统中已经存在的用户，以debian为例）

在系统中创建test用户   debian~:# useradd -m test

     增加samba用户debian~:# smbpasswd -a test

 

3.编辑配置文件：

vi /etc/samba/smb.conf（smb.conf是个配置文件）

 

加入我们的配置信息：

========Share Definitions ===============

    [share]                     设置共享名称

    comment =   目录的注解说明

    path = /data/temp     要共享目录的绝对位置

    以下属可选择项目录

    browseable =   no       目录是否可见,预设为可见

    writable = yes             目录是否为可写

    read only = no            目录是否为只读

    guest ok = yes            来宾是否可以访问,与"public = yes" 作用相同

    write list =user,@group   可写清单,@后表示某个群组

    valid users = ...            允许访问的使用者清单

    read list   =   ...               只可读的使用者清单

    invalid users = ...           禁止访问的使用者清单

    admin users = ...            有管理权限使用者清单

    create mask = 0755        使用者建立档案的权限,预设为0744

 

4.重启一下samba服务：（在配置完后必须要重启一下）

/etc/init.d/samba restart

 

补充：# chmod 775 /home（window可以写）//修改权限

 

5.不要忘记相应目录的授权（否则不能读写），检查当前配置 # testparm

   关闭服务器可用 smbcontrol 这个程序。命令格式如下：

debian~:# smbcontrol smbd shutdown

 

6.具体操作：

假设windows下IP为192.168.0.7      debian下的IP 为:192.168.0.8

在Windows中运行\\192.168.0.8，即可进入共享文件夹

 

可能出现的问题：可以登录samba服务器，但是没有权限访问linux下的共享目录

1、确保linux下防火墙关闭或者是开放共享目录权限 iptalbes -F

2、确保samba服务器配置文件smb.conf设置没有问题，可网上查阅资料看配置办法

3、确保setlinux关闭，可以用setenforce 0命令执行。 默认的，SELinux禁止网络上对Samba服务器上的共享目录进行写操作，即使你在smb.conf中允许了这项操作。

 

Debian下如何关闭setlinux：

先安装控制软件：
#apt-get update
#apt-get install -y selinux-utils
#apt-get install -y setools

当前系统中，立即关闭setlinux服务：
#/usr/sbin/setenforce 0
检查是否已经 成功 关闭服务：
#getenforce

 

通过Samba服务器实现windows和Linux之间的文件共享，相信是绝大多数人的选择。通常我们都会使用Samba的缺省配置，这样，每次通过Samba从Windows向Linux中拷贝文件时，文件都会被加上”可执行”的属性。这是很让人头疼的问题，每次都要通过chmod去修改文件的权限很是麻烦。

今天仔细看了一下Samba的手册，发现只要把下面的配置加入/etc/samba/smb.conf就可以解决这个问题：

1.   create mode = 0644 

2.   force create mode = 0644 

3.   directory mode = 0755 

4.   force directory mode = 0755  

这些参数加在任何地方都可以

 

下面是一个配置文件示例。

#

# Sample configuration file for the Samba suite for Debian GNU/Linux.

#

#

# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the

# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed

# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which

# are not shown in this example

#

# Any line which starts with a ; (semi-colon) or a # (hash)

# is a comment and is ignored. In this example we will use a #

# for commentary and a ; for parts of the config file that you

# may wish to enable

#

# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command

# "testparm" to check that you have not many any basic syntactic

# errors.

#

 

#======================= Global Settings =======================

 

[global]

 

## Browsing/Identification ###

 

# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of

   workgroup = DEBIAN_FANS

 

# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field

   server string = %h server (Samba %v)

 

# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:

# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable its WINS Server

;   wins support = no

 

# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client

# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both

;   wins server = w.x.y.z

 

# This will prevent nmbd to search for NetBIOS names through DNS.

   dns proxy = no

 

# What naming service and in what order should we use to resolve host names

# to IP addresses

;   name resolve order = lmhosts host wins bcast

 

 

#### Debugging/Accounting ####

 

# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine

# that connects

   log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m

 

# Put a capping on the size of the log files (in Kb).

   max log size = 1000

 

# If you want Samba to only log through syslog then set the following

# parameter to 'yes'.

;   syslog only = no

 

# We want Samba to log a minimum amount of information to syslog. Everything

# should go to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd} instead. If you want to log

# through syslog you should set the following parameter to something higher.

   syslog = 0

 

# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace

   panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d

 

 

####### Authentication #######

 

# "security = user" is always a good idea. This will require a Unix account

# in this server for every user accessing the server. See

# /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/ServerType.html in the samba-doc

# package for details.

   security = user

 

# You may wish to use password encryption.  See the section on

# 'encrypt passwords' in the smb.conf(5) manpage before enabling.

   encrypt passwords = yes

 

# If you are using encrypted passwords, Samba will need to know what

# password database type you are using.

   passdb backend = tdbsam guest

 

   obey pam restrictions = yes

 

;   guest account = nobody

   invalid users = root

 

# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix

# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the

# passdb is changed.

;   unix password sync = no

 

# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following

# parameters must be set (thanks to Augustin Luton <aluton@hybrigenics.fr> for

# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Potato).

   passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u

   passwd chat = *Enter\snew\sUNIX\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\sUNIX\spassword:* %n\n .

 

# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes

# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in

# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.

;   pam password change = no

 

 

########## Printing ##########

 

# If you want to automatically load your printer list rather

# than setting them up individually then you'll need this

;   load printers = yes

 

# lpr(ng) printing. You may wish to override the location of the

# printcap file

;   printing = bsd

;   printcap name = /etc/printcap

 

# CUPS printing.  See also the cupsaddsmb(8) manpage in the

# cupsys-client package.

;   printing = cups

;   printcap name = cups

 

# When using [print$], root is implicitly a 'printer admin', but you can

# also give this right to other users to add drivers and set printer

# properties

;   printer admin = @ntadmin

 

 

######## File sharing ########

 

# Name mangling options

;   preserve case = yes

;   short preserve case = yes

 

 

############ Misc ############

 

# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration

# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name

# of the machine that is connecting

;   include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m

 

# Most people will find that this option gives better performance.

# See smb.conf(5) and /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/speed.html

# for details

# You may want to add the following on a Linux system:

#         SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192

   socket options = TCP_NODELAY

 

# The following parameter is useful only if you have the linpopup package

# installed. The samba maintainer and the linpopup maintainer are

# working to ease installation and configuration of linpopup and samba.

;   message command = /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/linpopup "%f" "%m" %s; rm %s' &

 

# Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. If this

# machine will be configured as a BDC (a secondary logon server), you

# must set this to 'no'; otherwise, the default behavior is recommended.

;   domain master = auto

 

# Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges

# for something else.)

;   idmap uid = 10000-20000

;   idmap gid = 10000-20000

;   template shell = /bin/bash

 

#======================= Share Definitions =======================

 

[homes]

   comment = Home Directories

   browseable = yes

 

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change next

# parameter to 'yes' if you want to be able to write to them.

   writable = no

 

# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to

# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.

   create mask = 0700

 

# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to

# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.

   directory mask = 0700

 

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons

# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)

;[netlogon]

;   comment = Network Logon Service

;   path = /home/samba/netlogon

;   guest ok = yes

;   writable = no

;   share modes = no

 

[printers]

   comment = All Printers

   browseable = no

   path = /tmp

   printable = yes

   public = no

   writable = no

   create mode = 0700

 

# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable

# printer drivers

[print$]

   comment = Printer Drivers

   path = /var/lib/samba/printers

   browseable = yes

   read only = yes

   guest ok = no

# Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.

# Replace 'ntadmin' with the name of the group your admin users are

# members of.

;   write list = root, @ntadmin

 

# A sample share for sharing your CD-ROM with others.

;[cdrom]

;   comment = Samba server's CD-ROM

;   writable = no

;   locking = no

;   path = /cdrom

;   public = yes

 

# The next two parameters show how to auto-mount a CD-ROM when the

#       cdrom share is accesed. For this to work /etc/fstab must contain

#       an entry like this:

#

#       /dev/scd0   /cdrom  iso9660 defaults,noauto,ro,user   0 0

#

# The CD-ROM gets unmounted automatically after the connection to the

#

# If you don't want to use auto-mounting/unmounting make sure the CD

#       is mounted on /cdrom

#

;   preexec = /bin/mount /cdrom

;   postexec = /bin/umount /cdrom