23种设计模式（C++）之 装饰器（Decorator）模式

23种设计模式（C++）之 装饰器（Decorator）模式

意图

动态地给一个对象添加一些额外的职责。就增加功能来说，Decorator模式相比生成子类更为灵活。

场景

比如一件上衣，它可以添加不同的装饰品，如口袋，拉链等。对于上衣来说，装饰品是多种多样的，如果采用继承的方式创建衣服类，衣服类会随着装饰品的增多而变得非常庞大且不易改动。因此，采用动态的方式给衣服对象添加删除装饰器是一种不错的思路。

角色

• Component
  • 定义一个对象接口，可以给这些对象动态地添加职责。
• ConcreteComponent
  • 定义一个对象接口，可以给这个对象添加一些职责。
• Decorator
  • 维持一个指向Component对象的指针，并定义一个与Component接口一致的接口。
• ConcreteDecorator
  • 向组件添加职责。

实例

以Car为例，车可以添加车衣，车座等装饰品。

1. 创建Car抽象接口

class Car
{
public:
	string description;
	virtual void makeCar() = 0;
	virtual void setDescription(string desc)
	{
		this->description = desc;
	};
	virtual string readDescription()
	{
		return this->description;
	}
};

2. 具体化为electric car和oil car

class ElectricCar : public Car
{
public:
	void makeCar()
	{
		this->description = "Make electric car ";
		//cout << this->description << endl;
	}
};

class OilCar : public Car
{
public:
	void makeCar()
	{
		this->description = "Make oil car ";
		cout << this->description << endl;
	}
};

3. 创建装饰器接口

class CarDecorator : public Car
{
protected:
	Car *car;
};

4. 具体化装饰器

class CarCover : public CarDecorator
{
public:
	void addDecorator()
	{
		setDescription(readDescription() + "with car cover ");
		//cout << readDescription() << endl;
	}
	void setDescription(string desc)
	{
		this->car->setDescription(desc);
	};
	string readDescription()
	{
		//Don't use car->description
		return this->car->readDescription();
	}
	CarCover(Car *car)
	{
		this->car = car;
	}
	void makeCar()
	{
		this->car->makeCar();
		addDecorator();
	}
};

class CarSaddle : public CarDecorator
{
public:
	void addDecorator()
	{
		setDescription(readDescription() + "with car saddle ");
	}
	void setDescription(string desc)
	{
		this->car->setDescription(desc);
	};
	string readDescription()
	{
		return this->car->readDescription();
	}
	CarSaddle(Car *car)
	{
		//cout << car->readDescription() << endl;
		this->car = car;
	}
	void makeCar()
	{
		this->car->makeCar();
		addDecorator();
	}
};

5. 测试

 int main()
{
	Car *electricCar = new ElectricCar();
	electricCar = new CarCover(electricCar);
	electricCar = new CarSaddle(electricCar);
	electricCar->makeCar();
	cout << electricCar->readDescription() << endl;
}

6. 结果

Make electric car with car cover with car saddle