DataWhale编程实践：Task04——查找2

具体算法思想参见
team-learning-program/LeetCodeClassification/3.查找.md

LeetCode 1 Two Sum

class Solution:
    # 遍历数组过程中，当遍历到元素v时，可以只看v前面的元素，是否含有target-v的元素存在。
    # 如果查找成功，就返回解；
    # 如果没有查找成功，就把v放在查找表中，继续查找下一个解。
    # 即使v放在了之前的查找表中覆盖了v，也不影响当前v元素的查找。因为只需要找到两个元素，    
    # 只需要找target-v的另一个元素即可。
    def twoSum(self, nums: List[int], target: int) -> List[int]:
        record = dict()
        for i in range(len(nums)):
            complement = target - nums[i]
            # 已经在之前的字典中找到这个值
            if record.get(complement) is not None:
                res = [i,record[complement]]
                return res
            record[nums[i]] = i
     
     # 通过enumerate来把索引和值进行绑定，进而对value进行sort，前后对撞指针进行返回
     def twoSum1(self, nums: List[int], target: int) -> List[int]:
        nums = list(enumerate(nums))
        # 根据value来排序
        nums.sort(key = lambda x:x[1])
        l,r = 0, len(nums)-1
        while l < r:
            if nums[l][1] + nums[r][1] == target:
                return nums[l][0],nums[r][0]
            elif nums[l][1] + nums[r][1] < target:
                l += 1
            else:
                r -= 1

LeetCode 15 3Sum

class Solution:
    def threeSum(self, nums: [int]) -> [[int]]:
        nums.sort()
        res = []
        for i in range(len(nums)-2):
            # 因为是排序好的数组，如果最小的都大于0可以直接排除
            if nums[i] > 0: break
            # 排除i的重复值
            if i > 0 and nums[i] == nums[i-1]: continue
            l,r = i+1, len(nums)-1
            while l < r:
                sum = nums[i] + nums[l] + nums[r]
                if sum == 0:
                    res.append([nums[i],nums[l],nums[r]])
                    l += 1
                    r -= 1
                    while l < r and nums[l] == nums[l-1]: l += 1
                    while l < r and nums[r] == nums[r+1]: r -= 1
                elif sum < 0:
                    l += 1
                else:
                    r -= 1
        return res

LeetCode 18 4Sum

class Solution:
    def fourSum(self, nums: List[int], target: int) -> List[List[int]]:
        nums.sort()
        res = []
        if len(nums) < 4: return res
        if len(nums) == 4 and sum(nums) == target:
            res.append(nums)
            return res
        for i in range(len(nums)-3):
            if i > 0 and nums[i] == nums[i-1]: continue
            for j in range(i+1,len(nums)-2):
                if j > i+1 and nums[j] == nums[j-1]: continue
                l,r = j+1, len(nums)-1
                while l < r:
                    sum_value = nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[l] + nums[r]
                    if sum_value == target:
                        res.append([nums[i],nums[j],nums[l],nums[r]])
                        l += 1
                        r -= 1
                        while l < r and nums[l] == nums[l-1]: l += 1
                        while l < r and nums[r] == nums[r+1]: r -= 1
                    elif sum_value < target:
                        l += 1
                    else:
                        r -= 1
        return res

LeetCode 16 3Sum Closest

class Solution:
    def threeSumClosest(self, nums: List[int], target: int) -> int:
        nums.sort()
        diff = abs(nums[0]+nums[1]+nums[2]-target)
        res = nums[0] + nums[1] + nums[2]
        for i in range(len(nums)):
            l,r = i+1,len(nums)-1
            t = target - nums[i]
            while l < r:
                if nums[l] + nums[r] == t:
                    return nums[i] + t
                else:
                    if abs(nums[l]+nums[r]-t) < diff:
                        diff = abs(nums[l]+nums[r]-t)
                        res = nums[i]+nums[l]+nums[r]
                    if nums[l]+nums[r] < t:
                        l += 1
                    else:
                        r -= 1
        return res

LeetCode 454 4SumⅡ

class Solution:   
    def fourSumCount(self, A: List[int], B: List[int], C: List[int], D: List[int]) -> int:
        from collections import Counter
        record = Counter()
        for i in range(len(A)):
            for j in range(len(B)):
                record[A[i]+B[j]] += 1
        res = 0
        for i in range(len(C)):
            for j in range(len(D)):
                find_num = 0 - C[i] - D[j]
                if record.get(find_num) != None:
                    res += record[find_num]
        return res  
    def fourSumCount1(self, A: List[int], B: List[int], C: List[int], D: List[int]) -> int:
        record = collections.Counter(a + b for a in A for b in B)
        return sum(record.get(- c - d, 0) for c in C for d in D)

LeetCode 49 Group Anagrams

class Solution:
    def groupAnagrams(self, strs: List[str]) -> List[List[str]]:
        from collections import defaultdict
        strs_dict = defaultdict(list)
        res = []
        for str in strs:
            key = ''.join(sorted(list(str)))
            strs_dict[key] += str.split(',')
        for v in strs_dict.values():
            res.append(v)
        return res
    def groupAnagrams1(self, strs: List[str]) -> List[List[str]]:
        from collections import defaultdict
        strs_dict = defaultdict(list)
        for str in strs:
            key = ''.join(sorted(list(str)))
            strs_dict[key] += str.split(',')
        return [v for v in strs_dict.values()]

LeetCode 447 Number of Boomerangs

class Solution:
    def numberOfBoomerangs(self, points: List[List[int]]) -> int:
        res = 0
        from collections import Counter
        for i in points:
            record = Counter()
            for j in points:
                if i != j:
                    record[self.dis(i,j)] += 1
            for k,v in record.items():
                res += v*(v-1)
        return res
    def dis(self,point1,point2):
        return (point1[0]-point2[0]) ** 2 + (point1[1]-point2[1]) ** 2
    def numberOfBoomerangs1(self, points: List[List[int]]) -> int:
        from collections import Counter
        def f(x1, y1):
            # 对一个i下j,k的距离值求和
            d = Counter((x2 - x1) ** 2 + (y2 - y1) ** 2 for x2, y2 in points)
            return sum(t * (t-1) for t in d.values())
        # 对每个i的距离进行求和
        return sum(f(x1, y1) for x1, y1 in points)

LeetCode 149 Max Points on a Line

class Solution:
    def maxPoints(self,points):
        if len(points) <= 1:
            return len(points)
        res = 0
        from collections import defaultdict
        for i in range(len(points)):
            record = defaultdict(int)
            samepoint = 0
            for j in range(len(points)):
                if points[i][0] == points[j][0] and points[i][1] == points[j][1]:
                    samepoint += 1
                else:
                    record[self.get_Slope(points,i,j)] += 1
            for v in record.values():
                res = max(res, v+samepoint)
            res = max(res, samepoint)
        return res
    def get_Slope(self,points,i,j):
        if points[i][1] - points[j][1] == 0:
            return float('Inf')
        else:
            return (points[i][0] - points[j][0]) / (points[i][1] - points[j][1])

LeetCode 219 Contains Dupliccate Ⅱ

class Solution:
    def containsNearbyDuplicate(self, nums: List[int], k: int) -> bool:
        record = set()
        for i in range(len(nums)):
            if nums[i] in record:
                return True
            record.add(nums[i])
            if len(record) == k+1:
                record.remove(nums[i-k])
        return False

LeetCode 220 Contains Dupliccate Ⅲ

class Solution:
    def containsNearbyAlmostDuplicate(self, nums, k, t) -> bool:
        record = set()
        for i in range(len(nums)):
            if len(record) != 0:
                rec = list(record)
                find_index = self.lower_bound(rec,nums[i]-t)
                if find_index != -1 and rec[find_index] <= nums[i] + t:
                    return True
            record.add(nums[i])
            if len(record) == k + 1:
                record.remove(nums[i - k])
        return False
    def lower_bound(self, nums, target):
        low, high = 0, len(nums)-1
        while low<high:
            mid = int((low+high)/2)
            if nums[mid] < target:
                low = mid+1
            else:
                high = mid
        return low if nums[low] >= target else -1
        
    def containsNearbyAlmostDuplicate1(self, nums: List[int], k: int, t: int) -> bool:
        if t == 0 and len(nums) == len(set(nums)):
            return False
        for i in range(len(nums)):
            for j in range(1,k+1):
                if i+j >= len(nums): break
                if abs(nums[i+j]-nums[i]) <= t: return True
        return False