python3.5 urllib包发送请求(12306查询)

1.打开12306网站，查找Doc下面的Hearders部分，若有origin和user_Agent要放入请求头。user_Agent是模拟浏览登录，防爬虫

curl代码如下：

     curl -X POST -H "User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36" -H "Cache-Control: no-cache" -H "Postman-Token: 6a086c50-a8b1-40e0-ba43-6bcbe7c45071" -H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary7MA4YWxkTrZu0gW" -F "leftTicketDTO.train_date=2017-03-15" -F "leftTicketDTO.from_station=SHH" -F "leftTicketDTO.to_station=YNG" -F "purpose_codes=ADULT" "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init"

2. 用python3.5的urllib包来发送请求 

#用urllib包发送请求
#1.用urlopen发送请求相当于requests(post,data=date,header=header)
from urllib.request import urlopen
#2.Request打开Url
from urllib.request import Request
#3.parse放入body
from urllib import parse

#打开的地址
req=Request("https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init")

#放入body部分，要用parse参数，它是一个个元组
postdate=parse.urlencode([
    ("leftTicketDTO.train_date","2017-03-15"),
    ("leftTicketDTO.from_station","SHH"),
    ("leftTicketDTO.to_station","YNG"),
    ("purpose_codes","ADULT")
])

#
req.add_header("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36")
resp=urlopen(req,data=postdate.encode("utf-8"))
#将请求的结果用utf-8读取出来
print(resp.read().decode("utf-8"))