【Linux 应用】多线程同步之条件变量

1.前言

进行多线程编程，因为无法知道哪个线程会在哪个时候对共享资源进行操作，因此让如何保护共享资源变得复杂，通过下面这些技术的使用，可以解决线程之间对资源的竞争:

• 互斥量Mutex
• 信号量Semaphore
• 条件变量Conditions

2.条件变量

在使用互斥锁的基础上，条件变量的引入明显减少了线程取竞争互斥锁的次数引入条件变量可以使程序的效率更高。因为。执行pthread_cond_wait或pthread_cond_timedwait函数的线程明显知道了条件不满足，要因此在其释放锁之后就没有必要再跟其它线程去竞争锁了，只需要阻塞等待signal或broadcast函数将其唤醒。

pthread_cond_init
pthread_cond_destroy
pthread_cond_wait
pthread_cond_timedwait
pthread_cond_signal
pthread_cond_broadcast

3.示例

#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define NUM_THREADS 3

int count = 0;
pthread_mutex_t count_mutex;
pthread_cond_t count_threshold_cv;

void *inc_count(void *t) 
{
    int i;
    long my_id = (long)t;

    for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) 
    {
        pthread_mutex_lock(&count_mutex);
        count++;

        if (count == 5) 
        {
            pthread_cond_signal(&count_threshold_cv);
            printf("inc_count(): thread %ld, count = %d  Threshold reached.\n", my_id, count);
        }
        printf("inc_count(): thread %ld, count = %d, unlocking mutex\n", my_id, count);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&count_mutex);

        /* Do some "work" so threads can alternate on mutex lock */
        sleep(1);
    }
    pthread_exit(NULL);
}

void *watch_count(void *t) 
{
    long my_id = (long)t;

    printf("Starting watch_count(): thread %ld\n", my_id);

    pthread_mutex_lock(&count_mutex);
    while (count < 5) 
    {
        pthread_cond_wait(&count_threshold_cv, &count_mutex);
        printf("watch_count(): thread %ld Condition signal received.\n", my_id);
        count += 125;
        printf("watch_count(): thread %ld count now = %d.\n", my_id, count);
    }
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&count_mutex);
    pthread_exit(NULL);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) 
{
    int i, rc;
    long t1 = 1, t2 = 2, t3 = 3;
    pthread_t threads[3];
    pthread_attr_t attr;

    /* Initialize mutex and condition variable objects */
    pthread_mutex_init(&count_mutex, NULL);
    pthread_cond_init(&count_threshold_cv, NULL);

    /* For portability, explicitly create threads in a joinable state */
    pthread_attr_init(&attr);
    pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE);
    pthread_create(&threads[0], &attr, watch_count, (void *)t1);
    pthread_create(&threads[1], &attr, inc_count, (void *)t2);
    pthread_create(&threads[2], &attr, inc_count, (void *)t3);

    /* Wait for all threads to complete */
    for (i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; i++) 
   {
        pthread_join(threads[i], NULL);
    }
    printf("Main(): Waited on %d threads. Done.\n", NUM_THREADS);

    /* Clean up and exit */
    pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);
    pthread_mutex_destroy(&count_mutex);
    pthread_cond_destroy(&count_threshold_cv);
    pthread_exit(NULL);
}

编译运行

sudo gcc pthread_cond.c -o cond -lpthread

4.参与讨论

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