挂载磁盘
云主机后台挂载磁盘,或者实体机插入磁盘后,可以在主机里查看所有的分区
fdisk -l
[root@songfei-test ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x803dc0e1
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 128 4223 2048 e W95 FAT16 (LBA)
/dev/vda2 * 6144 1030143 512000 83 Linux
/dev/vda3 1030144 41943039 20456448 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x124b9d61
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
可以看到我们新插入的磁盘 /dev/vdb 还没有分区
另外也可以通过下述方式来查看系统所有块信息
lsblk
[root@songfei-test ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda 253:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─vda1 253:1 0 2M 0 part
├─vda2 253:2 0 500M 0 part /boot
└─vda3 253:3 0 19.5G 0 part /
vdb 253:16 0 20G 0 disk
└─vdb1 253:17 0 10G 0 part /mnt/disk0
####磁盘分区
依次输入下列命令来新建分区
fdisk /dev/vdb
n
p
1
回车
回车
wq
[root@songfei-test ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): #回车默认
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): #回车
Using default value 41943039
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
再次查看分区,可以看到已经有一个 /dev/vdb1 的分区
[root@songfei-test ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x803dc0e1
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 128 4223 2048 e W95 FAT16 (LBA)
/dev/vda2 * 6144 1030143 512000 83 Linux
/dev/vda3 1030144 41943039 20456448 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x124b9d61
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 41943039 20970496 83 Linux
然后将磁盘的新分区进行的文件系统格式化处理,文件系统按照自己的需要指定,这边是ext4
mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1
[root@songfei-test ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1310720 inodes, 5242624 blocks
262131 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2153775104
160 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
挂载新分区,指定挂载到的目录
mount /dev/vdb1 /mnt/disk0
对应的卸载命令
umount /mnt/disk0
将挂载信息写入/etc/fstab
最后要将设备挂载的信息写入/etc/fstab,否则机器重启,磁盘将恢复到初始状态(无分区,无文件系统)。
echo /dev/vdb1 /mnt/disk0 ext4 defaults 0 0 >> /etc/fstab
注释:
/dev/sdb1 代表哪个分区
/mnt/disk0 表示挂载的目录
ext4 是该分区文件系统的格式defaults 表示挂载时所要设定的参数 (只读,读写,启用 quota 等)
输入 defaults 包括的参数有 (rw、dev、exec、auto、nouser、async)0 是使用 dump 是否要记录,1 要,0 不要
0 是开机时检查的顺序, boot 系统文件就为 1,其他文件系统都为 2,如不要检查就为 0
磁盘扩容
1,首先要终止以下程序:nginx、apache、mysql、php-fpm、ftp
2,卸载磁盘
umount /mnt/disk0
3,购买云主机服务商的后台界面卸载磁盘扩容
4,扩容完挂载磁盘以后,查看分区
[root@songfei-test ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x803dc0e1
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 128 4223 2048 e W95 FAT16 (LBA)
/dev/vda2 * 6144 1030143 512000 83 Linux
/dev/vda3 1030144 41943039 20456448 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x124b9d61
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 20971519 10484736 83 Linux
5,首先要删除原来的分区
fdisk /dev/vdb
d
wq
[root@songfei-test ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x7d2d2d43.
Command (m for help): d
No partition is defined yet!
Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
6,新建一个分区,参考上面挂载磁盘
7,格式化磁盘
e2fsck -f /dev/vdb1
[root@songfei-test ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vdb1
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/vdb1: 12/655360 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 439421/2621184 blocks
resize2fs /dev/vdb1
[root@songfei-test ~]# resize2fs /dev/vdb1
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vdb1 to 5242624 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vdb1 is now 5242624 blocks long.
[root@songfei-test ~]# mount /mnt/disk0/
mount: can't find /mnt/disk0/ in /etc/fstab
8,挂载分区,磁盘已经扩容,数据仍然存在(但是还是建议对数据进行备份)
mount /dev/vdb1 /mnt/disk0
[root@songfei-test ~]# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda3 xfs 20G 1.6G 18G 8% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 911M 0 911M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 920M 8.4M 912M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda2 xfs 497M 123M 375M 25% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/vdb1 ext4 20G 1.5G 18G 8% /mnt/disk0